Two astronauts push on a satellite. One pushes in the positive x direction with a force of 42 N, and the other pushes in the pos
1 answer:
The vectors adition we can find the magnitude of the force applied by the other astronaut is 11.25 N in the y direction
Parameters given
- Force of an astronaut Fₓ = 42 N
- Angle θ = 15º
To find
- Force another astronaut
The force is a vector magnitude for which the addition of vectors must be used, a very efficient method to perform this sum is to add the components of each vector and devise constructing the resulting vector using trigonometry and the Pythagorean theorem.
Let's use trigonometry to find the other force
tan θ =
F_ y = Fₓ tan θ
let's calculate
F_y = 42 tan 15
F_y = 11.25 N
Using the summation of vectors we can find the magnitude of the force applied by the other astronaut is 11.25 N in the y direction
Learn more about vector addition here:
You might be interested in
A)
B)
C)
D)
E)
Explanation:
A)
When the particle is accelerated by a potential difference V, the change (decrease) in electric potential energy of the particle is given by:
where
q is the charge of the particle (positive)
On the other hand, the change (increase) in the kinetic energy of the particle is (assuming it starts from rest):
where
m is the mass of the particle
v is its final speed
According to the law of conservation of energy, the change (decrease) in electric potential energy is equal to the increase in kinetic energy, so:
And solving for v, we find the speed v at which the particle enters the cyclotron:
B)
When the particle enters the region of magnetic field in the cyclotron, the magnetic force acting on the particle (acting perpendicular to the motion of the particle) is
where B is the strength of the magnetic field.
This force acts as centripetal force, so we can write:
where r is the radius of the orbit.
Since the two forces are equal, we can equate them:
And solving for r, we find the radius of the orbit:
(1)
C)
The period of revolution of a particle in circular motion is the time taken by the particle to complete one revolution.
It can be calculated as the ratio between the length of the circumference () and the velocity of the particle (v):
(2)
From eq.(1), we can rewrite the velocity of the particle as
Substituting into(2), we can rewrite the period of revolution of the particle as:
And we see that this period is indepedent on the velocity.
D)
The angular frequency of a particle in circular motion is related to the period by the formula
(3)
where T is the period.
The period has been found in part C:
Therefore, substituting into (3), we find an expression for the angular frequency of motion:
And we see that also the angular frequency does not depend on the velocity.
E)
For this part, we use again the relationship found in part B:
which can be rewritten as
(4)
The kinetic energy of the particle is written as
So, from this we can find another expression for the velocity:
And substitutin into (4), we find:
So, this is the radius of the cyclotron that we must have in order to accelerate the particles at a kinetic energy of K.
Note that for a cyclotron, the acceleration of the particles is achevied in the gap between the dees, where an electric field is applied (in fact, the magnetic field does zero work on the particle, so it does not provide acceleration).