The back-and-forth movement of electrons is called alternating current. Electrons go back and forth, the direction of their path alternates from one direction to another.
the movement of electrons in one direction is called direct current. The electrons move in a direct, single path without changing directions.
The total resistance in a series circuit is equal to the sum of all resistors (R total = ΣRi).
R total = R1 + R2 + R3 = (3 + 4 + 5) Ω = 12 Ω
Explanation:
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A cart is pulled by horizontal force such that it moves with constant velocity
So here since velocity is constant we can say that its acceleration will be ZERO
now here for zero acceleration we can say

So here we will have

here we know that

so we will have


so here applied force on handle will be
<em>b. 10 N</em>