Answer:
1.65
Explanation:
The equation of the forces along the horizontal direction is:
(1)
where
F = 65 N is the force applied with the push
is the frictional force
m = 4 kg is the mass
is the acceleration
The force of friction can be written as 
(2), where
is the coefficient of kinetic friction
R is the normal force exerted by the floor
The equation of forces along the vertical direction is
(3)
since the bookcase is in equilibrium. Substituting (2) and (3) into (1), we find
And solving for ,
Vf =Vi + at
Vi =Vf - at
= 34 - 15•13
= - 161 m/s :/
That would be a conduction.
As radiation enters a solid or liquid, the light waves are absorbed and reflected by the atoms. the resulting reflection from an atom can be in any direction and is random. you can understand opacity in terms of the scattering of radiation. The more opaque, the more scattering.
(The truth is far more complicated than this, check out Richard Feynmans lectures on "Quantum Electro Dynamics" to learn the reality of it. )
