Viscosity is related to the parallel shear force acted by the fluid. In lay man's term, viscosity is the ease of how the fluid flows. The faster the flow is, the lower the viscosity (and vice versa). On the other hand, osmolarity pertains to the concentration of a component in a mixture expressed in number of solute particles per liter of the mixture.
The radius of the anion is 7.413 nm
<h3>How to calculate the force of attraction between charges</h3>
The force of attraction (F) is given by the formula:
- F = (1/4π∈r²)(Zc*e)(Za*e)
where:
∈ = permittivity of free space = 8.85*10⁻¹⁵ F/m
Zc = charge on the cation = +2
Zc = charge on the anion = -2
e = charge on an electron = 1.602 * 10⁻¹⁹ C
r = interionic distance
r = rc + ra
where rc and ra are the radius of the cation and anion respectively
F = 1.64 * 10⁻⁸ N
Therefore based on the equation of force of attraction:
1.64 *10⁻⁸ = [1/4π(8.85*10⁻¹⁵)r²](2 * 1.602*10⁻¹⁹)²
r² = 5.63 * 10⁻¹⁷
r = 7.50 nm
Since r = rc + ra
where rc = 0.087 nm
thus, ra = r - rc = 7.50 - 0.087
ra = 7.413 nm
Therefore, the radius of the anion is 7.413 nm
Learn more about ionic radius at: brainly.com/question/2279609
The nucleus of an atom of the element is positively charged and atom has a hollow space inside it.
Explanation:
This experiment was conducted by Rutherford in this experiment. He placed a gold foil and surround it with a screen.
And He exposed gold foil in alpha particles rays in which he noticed that most rays passed through atom which conclude that atom has a large space, some rays get deflected and some reverse their path this show that the positive charge of nucleus of an atom.
