the expression for diffraction grating allows to find the results for the questions for the angular separation are:
i) The third order is Δθ = 0.203 rad.
ii) The first order with water is Δθ = 0.046 rad.
The diffraction grating is a system formed by a large number of equally spaced lines whose diffraction is given by the expression.
           d sin θ = m λ
Where d is the distance between two lines, θ is the angle of diffraction, the order of diffraction and λ is the wavelength.
i) Let's start by looking for the separation between two lines
Let's use a rule of direct proportions. If there are 300 lines in 1 mm, what distance is there between two lines.
          d = 1 lines (1 mm / 300 lines) = 3,333 10⁻³ mm
          d = 3.333 10⁻⁶ m
Let's find the angle of diffraction for the third order (m = 3) for each wavelength.
 λ₁ = 400 nm = 400 10⁻⁹ m
          sin θ₁ =  m λ/ d
m λ/ d
          sin θ₁ =  
  
          θ₁ = sin⁻¹ 0.3600
          θ₁ = 0.368 rad
λ₂ = 600 nm = 600 10⁻⁹ m
          sin θ₂ =  
  
          θ₂ = sin⁻¹ 0.5401
          θ₂ = 0.571 rad
The angular separation is
          Δθ = θ₂ - θ₁
          Δθ = 0.571 - 0.368
          Δθ = 0.203 rad
ii) In this case, the separation between the network and the observation screen is filled with water.
When the rays leave the network they undergo a refraction process, for which they must comply with the relationship.
             
The incident side is in the air, therefore its refractive index is n_i = 1 and when it passes into the water with refractive index n_r = 1.33.
Let's start looking for the incident angles for the first order of diffraction.
       m = 1
λ₁ = 400 nm
          θ₁ = sin⁻¹   
          θ₁ = 0.120 rad
λ₂ = 600 nm
         θ₂ = sin⁻¹¹  
         θ₂ = 0.181 rad
we use the equation of refraction.
           = sin⁻¹ (
  = sin⁻¹ ( )
 )
λ₁ = 400 nm  
        θ₁ = sin¹ (
        θ₁ = 0.090 rad
λ₂ = 600 nm
         θ₂ =sin⁻¹   
         θ₂ = 0.1358 rad
The angular separation is
           Δθ = 0.1358 - 0.090
           Δθ = 0.046 rad.
In conclusion using the relation for the diffraction grating we can find the results for the questions about angular separation are:
        i) The third order is Δθ = 0.203 rad.
       ii) The first order with water is Δθ = 0.046 rad.
Learn more here: brainly.com/question/473160