A. IMA: 4
The Ideal Mechanical Advantage (IMA) is given by:
where
is the input distance
is the output distance
For the pulley system in this problem, 
and 
, so the IMA is
B. MA: 3.59
The actual mechanical advantage (AMA), or simply the Mechanical Advantage (MA), is given by
where 
is the output force and 
is the input force. For the pulley system in this problem, 
and 
, so the MA is
C. Efficiency: 89.8 %
The efficiency of a machine is equal to the ratio between the MA and the AMA:
Therefore, in this case,
Answer:
The work done by the gravel to stop the truck is 520.44 kJ
Explanation:
<u>Step 1</u>: Data given
Mass of the truck = 3047.8 kg
The ramp has an angle of 9.5 °
Velocity of the truck = 20.68 m/s
distance = 26.6 meters
<u>Step 2:</u> Calculate initial kinetic energy
sin 9.5° = 0.165
h = ℓ*sin 9.5° = 26.6*0.165= 4.39 m
Ek = 1/2m*Vo² = 1/2*3047.8*20.68² = 651714.7 Joule = 651.7 kJ = initial kinetic energy
<u>Step 3: </u>Calculate potential energy
Epot = U = m*g*h = 3047.8*9.81*4.39 = 131256.25 Joule = 131.26 kJ
<u>Step 4:</u> What work is done by the truck on the gravel?
Frictional energy Ef = 651.7 kJ - 131.26 kJ = 520.44 kJ
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