Find the intensity of the electromagnetic wave described in each case.
(a) an electromagnetic wave with a wavelength of 645 nm and a peak electric field magnitude of 8.5 V/m.
(b) an electromagnetic wave with an angular frequency of 6.3 ✕ 1018 rad/s and a peak magnetic field magnitude of 10−10 T.
Answer:
Superconducting materials can transport electrons with no resistance, and hence release no heat, sound, or other energy forms. Superconductivity occurs at a specific material's critical temperature (Tc). As temperature decreases, a superconducting material's resistance gradually decreases until it reaches critical temperature. At this point resistance drops off, often to zero, as shown in the graph at right.
Explanation:
Answer:
1. Largest force: C; smallest force: B; 2. ratio = 9:1
Explanation:
The formula for the force exerted between two charges is

where K is the Coulomb constant.
q₁ and q₂ are also identical and constant, so Kq₁q₂ is also constant.
For simplicity, let's combine Kq₁q₂ into a single constant, k.
Then, we can write

1. Net force on each particle
Let's
- Call the distance between adjacent charges d.
- Remember that like charges repel and unlike charges attract.
Define forces exerted to the right as positive and those to the left as negative.
(a) Force on A

(b) Force on B

(C) Force on C

(d) Force on D

(e) Relative net forces
In comparing net forces, we are interested in their magnitude, not their direction (sign), so we use their absolute values.

2. Ratio of largest force to smallest
