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Arada [10]
2 years ago
9

Using the “rule of 8” explain why carbon is the backbone of organic molecules

Chemistry
2 answers:
Sergeu [11.5K]2 years ago
8 0

Answer:

Carbon has 4 valence electrons (electrons that are used in bonding), and therefore it can make 4 bonds which is the most one can (other than some exceptions, but in general it is the most). It wants to make 4 bonds so it can reach a full octet of 8 elections, hence the rule of 8.

Explanation:

Mnenie [13.5K]2 years ago
3 0

Answer:

I suggest you See Explanation. But tldr: Carbon forms four bonds with no lone pairs.

Explanation:

By "rule of 8" I am assuming you mean "Octet Rule." In case you don't know, the octet rule (or rule of 8) is a rule referring to the maximum number of valence shell electrons that an atom can hold: 8 electrons. However, there are exceptions to this: octet-deficient and expanded octet atoms. Octet-deficient atoms follow what is known as the duet rule (or rule of 2), as seen in the case of H and He, or have have a capacity of up to 6 electrons in their valence shell, as seen in the case of B and Be. Expanded octets contain 10, 12, or even 14 electrons and occur in Period 3 elements and after. (It was previously assumed that this was due to d-orbital hybridization but that hypothesis has been disproven and currently an explanation regarding expanded octets doesn't exist. Yet another Nobel Prize worthy concept to solve when you have free time!)

Anyways, how does this all apply to Carbon being the backbone of the millions of organic molecules? Well, carbon follows the octect rule. Unlike duet rule atoms, it is not limited to one bond with another atom. Neither does it hold many lone pairs to itself nor form over four bonds at once causing a decrease in stability. No, Carbon forms four bonds with no lone pairs and has perfect stability in terms of both formal charge and octect rule in many of its structures. Its capacity to bond to up to 4 atoms without comprimising stability is the reason why carbon is the backbone of organic molecules. If you feel this answer helped, gimme brainliest, have a great day! :)

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the triangular model and the cubic model

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If a hydrogen atom and a helium atom have the same kinetic energy:________
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Answer: If a hydrogen atom and a helium atom have the same kinetic energy then the wavelength of the hydrogen atom will be roughly equal to the wavelength of the helium atom.

Explanation:

The relation between energy and wavelength is as follows.

E = \frac{hc}{\lambda}\\

This means that energy is inversely proportional to wavelength.

As it is given that energy of a hydrogen atom and a helium atom is same.

Let us assume that E_{hydrogen} = E_{helium} = E'. Hence, relation between their wavelengths will be calculated as follows.

E_{hydrogen} = \frac{hc}{\lambda_{hydrogen}}    ... (1)

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Equating the equations (1) and (2) as follows.

E_{hydrogen} = E_{helium} = E'\\\frac{hc}{\lambda_{hydrogen}} = \frac{hc}{\lambda_{helium}} = E'\\\lambda_{helium} = \lambda_{hydrogen} = E'

Thus, we can conclude that if a hydrogen atom and a helium atom have the same kinetic energy then the wavelength of the hydrogen atom will be roughly equal to the wavelength of the helium atom.

7 0
3 years ago
You have a solution of 600 mg of caffeine dissolved in 100 mL of water. The partition coefficient for aqueous caffeine extracted
klio [65]

Answer:

159 mg caffeine is being extracted in 60 mL dichloromethane

Explanation:

Given that:

mass of caffeine in 100 mL of water =  600 mg

Volume of the water = 100 mL

Partition co-efficient (K) = 4.6

mass of caffeine extracted = ??? (unknown)

The portion of the DCM = 60 mL

Partial co-efficient (K) = \frac{C_1}{C_2}

where; C_1= solubility of compound in the organic solvent and C_2 = solubility in aqueous water.

So; we can represent our data as:

K=(\frac{A_{(g)}}{60mL} ) ÷ (\frac{B_{(mg)}}{100mL} )

Since one part of the portion is A and the other part is B

A+B = 60 mL

A+B = 0.60

A= 0.60 - B

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4.6 = \frac{(\frac{0.6-B(mg)}{60mL} )}{(\frac{B_{(mg)}}{100mL})}

4.6 × (\frac{B_{(mg)}}{100mL}) = (\frac{0.6-B(mg)}{60mL} )

4.6 B *\frac{60}{100} = 0.6 - B

2.76 B = 0.6 - B

2.76 + B = 0.6

3.76 B = 0.6

B = \frac{0.6}{3.76}

B = 0.159 g

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∴ 159 mg caffeine is being extracted from the 100 mL of water containing 600 mg of caffeine with one portion of in 60 mL dichloromethane.

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Henlo!
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In short, first option is correct one

7 0
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