<span>Nonliving things also have unlimited duration of existence. While living things die and decompose, nonliving things such as rocks, mountains, air and water have existed for millions of years. They may grow, but they do so only by accretion, which is the process of growth by accumulating added layers of matter.</span>
The correct matching are the following:
- A. magnetic field: prevents charged particles from the sun from reaching the surface
- B. ozone: filters cancer-causing rays from the sun
- C. carbon dioxide: retains heat energy from the sun in the atmosphere
- D. water in oceans, lakes, rivers and streams: moderates changes in temperature on the surface
The electromagnetic field of the Earth protects us from solar wind by deflecting it. Without it, the charged particles would strip away our ozone, which will lead to the end of life on Earth.
The ozone is a layer in the stratosphere that filters the suns rays. It filters the UV rays by absorbing it. This prevents the UV rays from damaging the surface of the Earth.
Carbon dioxide retains heat in the atmosphere, which creates a greenhouse effect. It is beneficial for us, but because human activity like industrial activities emit so much carbon in the atmosphere that it ends up being harmful.
Bodies of water found on Earth regulate the temperature of the Earth through ocean currents. It brings in both cold and warm air to land which also affect precipitation.
Long explanation, I know, but maybe this will help you out in the long run. Good Luck!
1) In the first case, the correct answer is
<span>A.Wavelengths measured would match the actual wavelengths emitted.
In fact, the stars are not moving relative to Earth, so there is no shift in the measured wavelength.
2) In this second case, the correct answer is
</span><span>A.Wavelengths measured would be shorter than the actual wavelengths emitted.
</span>in fact, since the stars in this case are moving towards the Earth, then apparent frequency of their emitted light will be larger than the actual frequency, because of the Doppler effect, according to the formula:

where f0 is the actual frequency, f' the apparent frequency, c the speed of light and vs the velocity of the source (the stars) relative to the obsever (Earth). Vs is negative when the source is moving towards the observer, so the apparent frequency f' is larger than the actual frequency f0. But the wavelength is inversely proportional to the frequency, so the apparent wavelength will be shorter than the actual wavelength.
The efficiency of an ideal Carnot heat engine can be written as:

where

is the temperature of the cold region

is the temperature of the hot region
For the engine in our problem, we have

and

, so the efficiency is
The similarities and the differences between gravitational and electric force are listed below
Explanation:
- The magnitude of the gravitational force between two objects is given by Newton's law of gravitation:
where
is the gravitational constant
are the masses of the two objects
r is the separation between them
- Coloumb's law gives instead the strength of the electrostatic force between two charged objects, which is
where:
is the Coulomb's constant
are the two charges
r is the separation between the two charges
By comparing the two equations, we find the following similarities:
- Both the forces are inversely proportional to the square of the distance between the two objects,

- Both the forces are proportional to the product between the "main quantity" of each force, which is the mass for the gravitational force (
) and the charge for the electric force (
Instead, we have the following differences:
- The gravitational force is always attractive, since the sign of
is always positive, while the electric force can be either attractive or repulsive, since the sign of
can be either positive or negative - The value of the gravitational costant G is much smaller than the value of the Coulomb's constant, so the gravitational force is much weaker than the electric force
Learn more about gravitational force and electric force:
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