The control Group
The control group is the group of mold spores that were not exposed to ultraviolet light, left in the darkness and as such were not altered. Control groups are not altered and serve as some form of measurement of the experimental group. The experimental group is the mold spores group exposed to ultraviolet light and observed to note the difference between it and the control group
From the atmosphere
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Answer:
Cyclic electron flow uses just PS I and creates ATP.
Explanation:
Photo-system is known as light-absorbing complexes which are present on the thylakoid membrane of the photosynthetic organisms. A molecule called P700 which is present on PS l and absorb light of approximately 700 nm.
Cyclic electron flow has excited electrons from the photochemical reaction center (P700) in Photo-system I that is passed from Ferrodoxin to the cytochrome complex and back to the photochemical reaction center. Cyclic electron flow only uses PS I and produces ATP, not O2 or NADPH.
Answer:
Explanation:
The <em>equilibrium constant</em> for an <em>equilibrium reaction </em>is the ratio of the equilibrium constant for the forward reaction, Kf, to the equilibrium constant for the reverse reaction, Kr:
- The forward reaction is: A → B, with rate constant is Kf = K₁ and
- The reverse reaction is: B → A, with rate constant Kr = K₂
When you write the reaction in the other reaction, the forward and the reverse reaction are exchanged:
- The forward reaction is B → A, with rate constant Kf = K₂
- The reverse reaction is A → B, with rate constant Kr = K₁
As you see:
Thus, <em>the equilibrium-constant expression for a reaction written in one direction is the </em><em><u> reciprocal</u></em><em>___</em><em> of the one for the reaction written for the reverse direction.</em>
Answer:
Cs+ and Cl− in CsCl is an example of electrostatic forces that hold together.
Explanation:
The interaction that occurs between atoms that have an electric charge is called electromagnetic force. When the charges are at rest, the interaction between them is called electrostatic force. This force depends on the distance "r" between the atoms.
Depending on the sign of the charges that interact, electrostatic force can be attractive or repulsive. The electrostatic interaction between charges of the same sign is repulsive (two negative charges or two positive charges), while the interaction between charges of the opposite sign (a negative charge and a positive charge) is attractive. In the case of neutral charges against negative or positive charges, no force is generated.
<u><em>Cs+ and Cl− in CsCl is an example of electrostatic forces that hold together. </em></u>In this example you have a positively charged atom (Cs₊) and a negatively charged atom (Cl₋). As they are opposite charges they will attract.
