(A) A device that converts heat into work with 100% efficiency
It clearly violates the second law of thermodynamics because it warns that while all work can be turned into heat, not all heat can be turned into work. Therefore, despite the innumerable efforts, the efficiencies of the bodies have only been able to reach 60% at present.
Answer:
(a) F = 239.575 N (b) t = 0.00649s or 6.49 ms
Explanation:
(a) By law of energy conservation, the bullet kinetic energy will be transferred to work done on stopping it from moving.
Formula for Kinetic Energy
where m is bullet mass, v is the velocity
Formula for work
where F is the average force and S is the distance travelled.



Substitute m = 4.2 g = 0.0042 kg, v = 370 m/s and S = 1.2 (m)

(b) If the force is constant, since the mass is constant and F = ma according to Newton's 2nd law, the acceleration on bullet is also constant

We also have 
At the time the bullet is coming to rest, 
Therefore, 

Answer:
Because the bullet is smaller and has a sharp/pointy tip.
Explanation:
The bullet kinda puts the majority of kinetic energy in a small are, whereas the gun butt kinda spreads the energy evenly amongst a larger surface. If more explanation is needed add comment.