There are a few ways to do this- unfortunately different fields are better at it than others! Medical research is generally pretty good, some other fields likewise very good, some not as much.
Basically, though, what they do is use standadisation- they agree on the terminology, units of data, statistical measures, and so forth, that will be used in that scientific field. As much as possible, every scientist in the field uses those standards so everyone working in the field should recognise it.
For instance, in clinical trials, there is very good agreement worldwide on what the different metrics we use are- e.g. in cancer research, we usually want to know the 5-year survival rate (meaning the percentage of patients still alive 5 years after diagnosis). So anyone with the right training should be able to pick up a clinical trial report and understand what the results are and what the report is saying.
Answer:
The circular loop experiences a constant force which is always directed towards the center of the loop and tends to compress it.
Explanation:
Since the magnetic field, B points in my direction and the current, I is moving in a clockwise direction, the current is always perpendicular to the magnetic field and will thus experience a constant force, F = BILsinФ where Ф is the angle between B and L.
Since the magnetic field is in my direction, it is perpendicular to the plane of the circular loop and thus perpendicular to L where L = length of circular loop. Thus Ф = 90° and F = BILsin90° = BIL
According to Fleming's left-hand rule, the fore finger representing the magnetic field, the middle finger represent in the current and the thumb representing the direction of force on the circular loop.
At each point on the circular loop, the force is always directed towards the center of the loop and thus tends to compress it.
<u>So, the circular loop experiences a constant force which is always directed towards the center of the loop and tends to compress it.</u>
Answer:
Range.
Explanation:
Range in projectile motion can be defined as the horizontal distance traveled by an object.
An example of range would be the horizontal distance a soccer ball moves between being kicked and touching the ground again.
Answer:
Explanation:
given,
speed of length of travel = 0.86 c
length of tunnel = 88 m
Assume length of super train = 205 m
An observer at rest in the tunnel's reference frame will observe the train's length to be contracted:
L' = L₀ / γ
L' is the length the observer measures,
L₀ is the proper length of the train