The cables of a power line are copper-coated steel wire. The overall diameter of the wire is 5/8 in. The steel core has a diamet
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Based on the Chvorinov's rule, the diference in the <em>solidification</em> times of the two castings is 14.092 times the <em>solidification</em> time of the prism casting.
<h3>How to apply the Chvorinov's rule for casting processes</h3>
The Chvorinov's rule is an empirical method to estimate the cooling time of a casting in terms of a <em>reference</em> time. This rule states that cooling time (<em>t</em>) is directly proportional to the square of the volume (<em>V</em>), in cubic meters, divided to the surface area (<em>A</em>), in square meters. Now we proceed to model each casting:
<h3>Cylindrical casting</h3>t = C · [0.25π · D² · L/(0.5π · D² + π · D · L)]²
t = C · [0.25 · D · L/(0.5 · D + L)]² (1)
<h3>Prism casting</h3>t' = C · [3 · T² · L/(6 · T · L + 2 · T · L + 6 · T²)]²
t' = C · [3 · T · L/(8 · L + 6 · T)]² (2)
<h3>Relationship between the cross sections of both castings</h3>3 · T² = 0.25π · D² (3)
Where:
- <em>t</em> - Cooling time of the cylindrical casting, in time unit.
- <em>t'</em> - Cooling time of the prism casting, in time unit.
- <em>C</em> - Cooling factor, in time unit per square meter.
- <em>D</em> - Diameter of the cylinder, in meters.
- <em>L</em> - Length of the casting, in meters.
- <em>T</em> - Width of the cross section of the prism casting, in meters.
If we know that <em>D =</em> <em>0.3 m</em>, then the thickness of the prism casting is:
<em>T ≈ 0.153 m</em>
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And (1) and (2) simplified into these forms:
<h3>Cylindrical casting</h3>t = C · {0.25π · (0.3 m) · (0.5 m)/[0.5 · (0.3 m) + 0.5 m]}²
t = 0.0329 · C (1b)
<h3>Prism casting</h3>t' = C · {3 · (0.153 m) · (0.5 m)/[8 · (0.5 m) + 6 · (0.153 m)]}²
t' = 0.00218 · C (2b)
Lastly we find the <em>percentual</em> difference in the solidification times of the two castings by using the following expression:
<em>r = (</em>1 <em>- t'/t) ×</em> 100 %
<em>r = (</em>1 <em>-</em> 0.00218<em>/</em>0.0329<em>) ×</em> 100 %
<em>r =</em> 93.374 %
The <em>cooling</em> time of the <em>prism</em> casting is 6.626 % of the <em>solidification</em> time of the <em>cylindrical</em> casting. The diference in the <em>solidification</em> times of the two castings is 14.092 times the <em>solidification</em> time of the <em>prism</em> casting.
To learn more on solidification times, we kindly invite to check this verified question: brainly.com/question/13536247
Answer:
YES
Explanation:
Entropy is an extensive property of the system entropy change that value of entropy change can be determined for any process between the states whether reversible or not. i have attached the formula to calculate entropy change which is independent of whether the system is reversible or not and can be determined for any process.
Answer:
1.176
Explanation:
When the bullets impact the mass they become embedded on it, it is a plastic collision, therefore momentum is conserved.
v2 * (M + mb) = v1 * mb
Where
v1: muzzle velocity of the bullet
M: mass of the bob
mb: mass of the bullet
v2: mass of the bob with the bullet after being hit
v2 = v1 * mb / (M + mb)
Upon being impacted the bob will acquire speed v2, this implies a kinetic energy. The bob will then move and raise a height h. Upon acheiving the maximum height it will have a speed of zero. At that point all kinetic energy will be converted into potential energy.
Ek = 1/2 (M + mb) * v2^2
Ep = (M + mb) * g * h
Ek = Ep
1/2 (M + mb) * v2^2 = (M + mb) * g * h
1/2 * (v1 * mb / (M + mb))^2 = g * h
1/2 * v1^2 * mb^2 / (M + mb)^2 = g * h
v1^2 = g *h * (M+ mb)^2 / (1/2 * mb^2)
The height h that it reaches is related to the length L of the pendulum arm and the angle it forms with the vertical.
h = L * (1 - cos(a))
For the 9 mm:
For the 0.44 caliber:
The ratio is 460 / 391 = 1.176
Answer:
8.62m/s²
Explanation:
the particle is experiencing both translational and circular motion
v=4t²
=
=8t
at t=1s, =8(1)=8m/s²
=
at t=1, v= 4(1)² = 4m/s
=4²/5
=3.2m/s²
∴ magnitude of total acceleration, a
a=
a=
a=
a=
a=8.62m/s²