Charge dQ on a shell thickness dr is given by
dQ = (charge density) × (surface area) × dr
dQ = ρ(r)4πr²dr
∫ dQ = ∫ (a/r)4πr²dr
∫ dQ = 4πa ∫ rdr
Q(r) = 2πar² - 2πa0²
Q = 2πar² (= total charge bound by a spherical surface of radius r)
Gauss's Law states:
(Flux out of surface) = (charge bound by surface)/ε۪
(Surface area of sphere) × E = Q/ε۪
4πr²E = 2πar²/ε۪
<span>E = a/2ε۪
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This question is asking: Why does gravity occur? why will your notebook get pulled towards you?
Answer:
[OH⁻] = 1 × 10⁻¹¹ mol/dm³
Explanation:
Since the hydronium ion concentration of the gastric fluid is [H₃O]⁺ = 1.0 × 10⁻².
The pH at this point is pH = -log₁₀[H₃O]⁺ = -log₁₀[1.0 × 10⁻²] = 2
When milk of magnesia is added, the pH increases by one unit, so the new pH is 1 + 2 = 3
Since pH + pOH = 14, then pOH = 14 - pH = 14 - 3 = 11
The hydroxide ion concentration of the fluid is gotten from
pOH = -log₁₀[OH⁻]
11 = -log₁₀[OH⁻]
-11 = log₁₀[OH⁻]
taking antilog
[OH⁻] = 1 × 10⁻¹¹ mol/dm³
