Explanation :
Takumi wears sunscreen and a hat each time he works in the yard. This is to protect himself with the strong radiation coming from the sun. UV rays that are coming from the sun are the main cause of skin cancer.
Stochastic effects are the effects that are caused by chance. Cancer is one of the main stochastic effects.
So, the correct option is (b) "the severity of stochastic effects, such as cancer".
Because the specimen is very small with a light microscope
It increases confidence because the more times you conduct the same experiment over and over should either prove your hypothesis right and wrong and eliminate any random occurrences that might affect your results.
If it is s-t graph , point is c
if it is v-t graph , point is e