Friction is a force that holds back the movement of a sliding object. You will find friction everywhere that objects come into contact with each other. The force acts in the opposite direction to the way an object wants to slide.
This question sounds like it came after some activity where
some forces were observed. Since we were not there, and
we don't know what the activity was, we don't know what forces
were observed, and we have no clue to how they might be related
to the motion of the Earth around the sun.
Force can alter its direction,slow or stop it you could say it can change its velocity
The difference between temperature and thermal energy is that temperature measures the average kinetic speed of molecule and thermal energy is the total kinetic energy of all particles in a given substance.
Set up the problem with the conversion rates as fractions where when you multiply the units cancel out leaving the desired units behind.