Shadows are the absence of light, they are created when an object blocks light. In other words, shadows are the product of light particles, known as photons. These particles “bounce off” of the object without reaching the other side. Therefore light by itself will not form a shadow.
No work is done because the object needs to be moved. The formula for work is Work = Force x Distance.
Cp shows the amount of energy needed to raise temperature by one degree for one gram of water.
Formula for calculating cp is:

Final temperature is 26.73°C.
KE = 1/2mv^2
KE = 1/2(1000)(20^2)
KE = 2.0 * 10^5
or
KE = 200,000
hope this helps :)
Your answer would be planets because with more of the object combined together to form a major gravity pull can result in a gas or water planet