Answer:
the rate of flow = 29.28 ×10⁻³ m³/s or 0.029 m³/s
Explanation:
Given:
Diameter of the pipe = 100mm = 0.1m
Contraction ratio = 0.5
thus, diameter at the throat of venturimeter = 0.5×0.1m = 0.05m
The formula for discharge through a venturimeter is given as:

Where,
is the coefficient of discharge = 0.97 (given)
A₁ = Area of the pipe
A₁ = 
A₂ = Area at the throat
A₂ = 
g = acceleration due to gravity = 9.8m/s²
Now,
The gauge pressure at throat = Absolute pressure - The atmospheric pressure
⇒The gauge pressure at throat = 2 - 10.3 = -8.3 m (Atmosphric pressure = 10.3 m of water)
Thus, the pressure difference at the throat and the pipe = 3- (-8.3) = 11.3m
Substituting the values in the discharge formula we get
or

or
Q = 29.28 ×10⁻³ m³/s
Hence, the rate of flow = 29.28 ×10⁻³ m³/s or 0.029 m³/s
B. It's randomness would increase
Because the Second Law of Thermodynamics states that as energy is transferred or transformed, more and more of it is wasted. It also states that there is a natural tendency of any isolated system to degenerate into a more disordered state.
In transistor,
Emitter current is equal to the sum of base current and collector current.
Thanks!
Answer:

Explanation:
The speed of light in these mediums shall be lower than that in vacuum thus the total time light needs to cross both the media are calculated as under
Total time = Time taken through ice + Time taken through quartz
Time taken through ice = Thickness of ice / (speed of light in ice)


Thus in the same time the it would had covered a distance of
![Distance_{vaccum}=Totaltime\times V_{vaccum}\\\\Distance_{vaccum}=10^{-2}[2.20\mu _{ice+1.50\mu _{quartz}}]](https://tex.z-dn.net/?f=Distance_%7Bvaccum%7D%3DTotaltime%5Ctimes%20V_%7Bvaccum%7D%5C%5C%5C%5CDistance_%7Bvaccum%7D%3D10%5E%7B-2%7D%5B2.20%5Cmu%20_%7Bice%2B1.50%5Cmu%20_%7Bquartz%7D%7D%5D)
we have

Applying values we have
![Distance_{vaccum}=10^{-2}[2.20\times 1.309+1.50\times 1.542]](https://tex.z-dn.net/?f=Distance_%7Bvaccum%7D%3D10%5E%7B-2%7D%5B2.20%5Ctimes%201.309%2B1.50%5Ctimes%201.542%5D)

<span>47 amu is the correct answer</span>