Question

What missions have been sent to explore Venus and what did they discover

Answer 1

Answer:

See below

Explanation:

• Venus Express (2005 - 14)
• Galileo (1989 - 90): As it flew by Venus on its way to Jupiter, it collected measurements of charged particles, dust and magnetism, infrared and ultraviolet spectral observation, data for infrared lower - atmosphere maps, and 81 camera images
• Magellan (1989 - 90)
• Vega 1 (1984 - 85)
• Vega 2 (1984 - 85)
• Venera 4 (1964): Atmosphere made up of entirely carbon dioxide, found that temperatures ranged from 40 degrees Celsius high up in the atmosphere to 280 degrees Celsius closer to the surface, and pressures ranged 15 to 22 atmospheres
• Venera 6 (1969)
• Venera 7 (1970): Became first spacecraft to return data from another planet and reported surface temperature of 475 degrees Celsius and atmospheric pressure 90 times greater than Earth's
• Venera 8 (1972)
• Venera 9 (1975)
• Venera 10 (1975): Transmitted images from the surface
• Venera 11 (1978): Sent back evidence of thunder and lightning as well as presence of carbon monoxide in lower altitude
• Venera 12 (1978)
• Venera 13 (1981 - 82): Returned first color images and found out the pressure was  84 times the pressure at sea level on Earth and the temperature was 457 degrees Celsius, before succumbing to them
• Venera 14 (1981 - 82): Sent back images of Venus
• Venera 15 (1983): Created radar map of Venus with Venera 16
• Venera 16 (1983)
• Pioneer Venus 1 (1978): Radar mapped nearly the entire planet, resolving features as small as 80 kilometers
• Pioneer Venus 2 (1978): Consisted of 4 separate atmospheric probes
• Mariner 2 (1962): Flyby attempt discovered ground temperatures as high as 428 degrees Celsius, but detected no water vapor or evidence of a magnetic field around planet
• Mariner 5 (1967): During flyby, measured surface temperature of 267 degrees Celsius
• Mariner 10 (1973 - 74): Took first ultraviolet images of Venus on way to Mercury
• Akatsuki/Venus Climate Orbiter (2010 - today)

These are just some of the successful attempts by probes at or near Venus.

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Answer 2

Answer:

Explanation:

The other answer misses the most recent Venus mission: the Parker Solar Probe. It was launched by NASA in 2018 for observing the Sun. On its way there, the probe is doing several fly-bys to Venus; using the planet for gravity assist propelling it to the Sun.

Because its primary mission is to investigate the Sun, the Parker Solar Probe does not have a lot of researches planned for Venus.