Which of the following is an important application of hydrogen bonding
2 answers:
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Those Hydrogen atoms which are present at alpha position to carbonyl group are mildly acidic in nature. When such acidic proton containing carbonyl compounds are treated with strong base, they yield enolates. The negative charge created on alpha carbon resonates and shifts to carbonyl oxygen resulting in formation of carbon double bond carbon.
In <span>tert−butyl methyl ketone there are two carbons at each alpha position. Among these two carbons only methyl carbon contains hydrogen atoms while the second one is bonded to further three carbons making it Quaternary carbon. The base abstracts proton from methyl group and enolate is formed.
</span>tert−butyl methyl ketone in this case acts as acid, Hydroxyl ion acts as base, while the enolate generated is the conjugate base of <span>tert−butyl methyl ketone and Water produced is the conjugate acid of hydroxide ion.</span>
In <span>tert−butyl methyl ketone there are two carbons at each alpha position. Among these two carbons only methyl carbon contains hydrogen atoms while the second one is bonded to further three carbons making it Quaternary carbon. The base abstracts proton from methyl group and enolate is formed.
</span>tert−butyl methyl ketone in this case acts as acid, Hydroxyl ion acts as base, while the enolate generated is the conjugate base of <span>tert−butyl methyl ketone and Water produced is the conjugate acid of hydroxide ion.</span>
<u>Answer:</u> The Van't Hoff factor for KCl is 1.74
<u>Explanation:</u>
We are given:
Molality of solution = 1 m
This means that 1 mole of a solute is present in 1 kg of solvent (water) or 1000 grams of water
To calculate the number of moles, we use the equation:
Given mass of water = 1000 g
Molar mass of water = 18 g/mol
Putting values in above equation, we get:
Mole fraction of a substance is given by:
Moles of solute = 1 moles
Total moles = [1 + 55.56] = 56.56 moles
Putting values in above equation, we get:
The equation used to calculate relative lowering of vapor pressure follows:
where,
= relative lowering in vapor pressure = 0.734 mmHg
i = Van't Hoff factor = ?
= mole fraction of solute = 0.0177
= vapor pressure of pure water = 23.76 torr
Putting values in above equation, we get:
Hence, the Van't Hoff factor for KCl is 1.74