Answer:
2,4,6-tri-tert-butylcyclohexa-2,5-dienone
Explanation:
1. Information from the formulas
C₁₈H₃₀O ⟶ C₁₈H₂₉BrO
A Br has replaced an H.
2. Information from the reaction
These look like the conditions for an electrophilic aromatic substitution.
3. Possible mechanism (Fig. 1)
The product must be highly symmetrical, because there are so few NMR signals.
(i) The bromonium ion attacks at the para position, forming a resonance-stabilized carbocation intermediate.
(ii) A bromide ion attacks the H of the hydroxyl group to form 2,4,6-tri-tert-butylcyclohexa-2,5-dienone.
4. Confirmatory evidence (Fig. 2)
(a) Infrared
1630 cm⁻¹: C=O stretch
1655 cm⁻¹ : C=C stretch
(b)NMR
1.2 (9h, s): the 4-tert-butyl group
1.3 (18H, s): the 2- and 6- tert- butyl groups
6.9 (2H, s): the alkene H atoms
The ratio is 9:18:2.
Conduction, transfer of heat or electricity through a substance, resulting from a difference in temperature between different parts of the substance, in the case of heat, or from a difference in electric potential, in the case of electricity. Since heat is energy associated with the motions of the particles making up the substance, it is transferred by such motions, shifting from regions of higher temperature, where the particles are more energetic, to regions of lower temperature. The rate of heat flow between two regions is proportional to the temperature difference between them and the heat conductivity of the substance. In solids, the molecules themselves are bound and contribute to conduction of heat mainly by vibrating against neighboring molecules; a more important mechanism, however, is the migration of energetic free electrons through the solid. Metals, which have a high free-electron density, are good conductors of heat, while nonmetals, such as wood or glass, have few free electrons and do not conduct as well. Especially poor conductors, such as asbestos, have been used as insulators to impede heat flow (see insulation). Liquids and gases have their molecules farther apart and are generally poor conductors of heat. Conduction of electricity consists of the flow of charges as a result of an electromotive force, or potential difference. The rate of flow, i.e., the electric current, is proportional to the potential difference and to the electrical conductivity of the substance, which in turn depends on the nature of the substance, its cross-sectional area, and its temperature. In solids, electric current consists of a flow of electrons; as in the case of heat conduction, metals are better conductors of electricity because of their greater free-electron density, while nonmetals, such as rubber, are poor conductors and may be used as electrical insulators, or dielectrics. Increasing the cross-sectional area of a given conductor will increase the current because more electrons will be available for conduction. Increasing the temperature will inhibit conduction in a metal because the increased thermal motions of the electrons will tend to interfere with their regular flow in an electric current; in a nonmetal, however, an increase in temperature improves conduction because it frees more electrons.
Bromide ions donates an electron in redox reactions.
<u>Explanation:</u>
- In these redox reactions, the halide ions like bromide donates a pair of electrons and acts as a reducing agents, but itself gets oxidized to bromine.
- In this process, the oxidation state of bromide ion is increased from -1 to 0 oxidation state, that is Br⁻ (-1) to Br₂ (0), thus reduces the compound and oxidizes by itself.
- Bromide ion is a strong reducing agent, thereby reduces sulfuric acid which changes to sulfur di oxide, but this doesn't happen in the case of chloride and fluoride ions as they are not having that much capacity like bromide and iodide ions.
The chemical reaction would be written as:
2HgO = 2Hg + O2
We use this reaction and the amount of the reactant to calculate for the moles of oxygen produced. THen, we use avogadro's number to convert it to molecules. We do as follows:
12.5 g HgO (1 mol / 216.59 g) (1 mol O2 / 2 mol HgO) ( 6.022x10^23 molecules O2 / 1 mol O2 ) = 1.74x10^22 molecules O2 produced
Answer:
82500000000000000000000000
Explanation:
This is the only answer I can come up with.
