Answer:
Ppm <u>means the concentration of vapors or gases</u> expressed in parts per million of polluted air.
Explanation:
In Chemistry and Physics, part per million or PPM is a measure that expresses the number of units of a certain existing substance for every million units of the mixture. (Concentration)
In climate the equation is used so:
- ppm = parts of polluted air / million parts of air
.
- ppm = Liters of polluted air / 10∧6 Liters of air.
This is used to find the concentration of gases expressed as parts of gas per million parts of the
polluted air.
In this case, it would be<u> 407.4L of CO2 per 10∧6L of air.</u>
It would still have oceans but no atmospheric water in Earth if no icy debris had arrived.
A. It would still have oceans but no atmospheric water.
<u>Explanation:</u>
Seas characterize our home planet, covering most of the Earth's surface and driving the water cycle that commands our territory and climate. However, progressively significant still, the narrative of our seas wraps our home in a far bigger setting that ventures profound into the universe and spots us in a rich group of sea universes that range our nearby planetary group and past.
It would in any case have seas yet no air water on Earth if no frigid flotsam and jetsam had shown up. For a long time, it was accepted that the frosty moons were only that - solidified husks, strong to their center. However, lately that thought has steadily been supplanted by a fresher, additionally energizing worldview.
Answer:
Half-reactions:
Cr³⁺ + 1e⁻ → Cr²⁺; Zn → Zn²⁺ + 2e⁻
Net ionic equation:
2Cr³⁺ + Zn → 2Cr²⁺ + Zn²⁺
Explanation:
The Cr³⁺ is reduced to Cr²⁺:
<h3>
Cr³⁺ + 1e⁻ → Cr²⁺ -Half-reaction 1-</h3>
Zn is oxidized to Zn²⁺:
<h3>
Zn → Zn²⁺ + 2e⁻ -Half-reaction 2-</h3>
Twice the reduction of Cr:
2Cr³⁺ + 2e⁻ → 2Cr²⁺
Now this reaction + Oxidation of Zn:
2Cr³⁺ + 2e⁻ + Zn → 2Cr²⁺ + Zn²⁺ + 2e⁻
<h3>2Cr³⁺ + Zn → 2Cr²⁺ + Zn²⁺ - Net ionic equation</h3>
Polyatomic ions: 
, 
, 
, 
, 
, and 
Monatomic ions: 
, 
, and 
<h3>Monoatomic vs Polyatomic Ions</h3>
In chemistry, monoatomic ions are ions that consist of only a single type of atom. They are usually positive or negatively charged and are otherwise known as simple ions. Examples include , , and
Polyatomic ions, on the other hand, are ions that consist of more than one atom, unlike monoatomic ions. The two or more atoms are covalently bonded and the entire structure behaves like a single chemical entity in reactions. Polyatomic ions are otherwise known as molecular ions.
Examples of polyatomic ions are , , , , , and
Thus, from the diagram:
- Polyatomic ions: , , , , , and
More on ions can be found here: brainly.com/question/14982375
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Answer:
The order of reactivity towards electrophilic susbtitution is shown below:
a. anisole > ethylbenzene>benzene>chlorobenzene>nitrobenzene
b. p-cresol>p-xylene>toluene>benzene
c.Phenol>propylbenzene>benzene>benzoic acid
d.p-chloromethylbenzene>p-methylnitrobenzene> 2-chloro-1-methyl-4-nitrobenzene> 1-methyl-2,4-dinitrobenzene
Explanation:
Electron donating groups favor the electrophilic substitution reactions at ortho and para positions of the benzene ring.
For example: -OH, -OCH3, -NH2, Alkyl groups favor electrophilic aromatic substitution in benzene.
The -I (negative inductive effect) groups, electron-withdrawing groups deactivate the benzene ring towards electrophilic aromatic substitution.
Examples: -NO2, -SO3H, halide groups, Carboxylic acid groups, carbonyl gropus.
