Answer:
mechanical advantage!
Explanation:
The Mechanical advantage of a machine is the factor by which the machine changes the input force.
When a a machine multiplies an input force, that's called a mechanical advantage.
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Defenition of Mechanical Advantage
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To solve this problem it is necessary to apply the concepts related to the flow as a function of the volume in a certain time, as well as the potential and kinetic energy that act on the pump and the fluid.
The work done would be defined as

Where,
PE = Potential Energy
KE = Kinetic Energy

Where,
m = Mass
g = Gravitational energy
h = Height
v = Velocity
Considering power as the change of energy as a function of time we will then have to


The rate of mass flow is,

Where,
= Density of water
A = Area of the hose 
The given radius is 0.83cm or
m, so the Area would be


We have then that,



Final the power of the pump would be,



Therefore the power of the pump is 57.11W
Answer:
5.959 m/s
Explanation:
m = Mass of gymnast
u = Initial velocity
v = Final velocity
= Initial height
= Final height
From conservation of Energy



Velocity of gymnast at bottom of swing is 5.959 m/s
Answer:
A theory changes based on new observations and testing.
Explanation:
A scientific theory is a product of multiple trials and repeated experiments. It usually follows after carefully conducting and testing the validity of the hypothesis.
A scientific theory provides an explanation into how something behaves.
A law just states a finding will not explain it.
Most theories are tenable and can be improved upon when new observations and testing are carried out.