An ionic bond is a type of chemical bond formed through an electrostatic attraction between two oppositely charged ions. Ionic bonds are formed between a cation, which is usually a metal, and an anion, which is usually a nonmetal.
Gravity.: Gravity is the force that acts at a right angle to the path of an orbiting object.
Yeah, it's every state. Atoms need a certain quanta of energy to jump to each state of energy, and therefore change state depending on how much energy is absorbed and/or released. This applies to all states of matter.