Question

The essential oil found in cloves, eugenol, can be isolated by steam distillation because it is insoluble in water and has a measurable vapor pressure at 100 â°c even though it has a much higher boiling point than water. use data from the table to calculate the volume of eugenol in 30 ml of distillate.

Answer 1

We know that:
Molar Mass H2O: 18 g/mol 
Molar Mass of Eugenol: 164 g/mol 
Boiling point of H2O: 100 degrees C 
Boiling point of Eugenol: 254 degrees C 
Density of water: 1.0 g/mL 
Density of Eugenol: 1.05 g/mL 

Using formula:
V= [mole fraction x molar mass] / density 

mH20: 0.9947 * 18
          = 17.9046 / 1 g/mL
          = 17.9046 
morg: 0.0053 * 164  
        = 0.8692/ 1.05 g/mL
        = 0.8278 

V% = Vorg/(Vorg + VH2O) * 100 
(0.8278/18.7324) * 100 = 4.419% 

Yotal volume = 30 mL; therefore, 
0.0442 = (volume eugenol/30) 

(m eug/mH2O) = (peug*164/pH2O*18) 
(m eug/30) = (4*164/760*18) 
m eug = about 1.44g and 

volume = mass/density
            = 1.44/1.05
            = about 1.37 mL