Igneous intrusions form when magma cools and solidifies before it can reach the surface. An extrusion consists of extrusive rock; which forms above the surface of the crust.
Refer to the diagram shown below.
We want to find y in terms of d, φ and θ.
By definition,

Therefore
y = x tan(θ) (1)
y = (x - d) tan(φ) (2)
Equate (1) and (2).
![(x - d) \, tan(\phi) = x \, tan(\theta) \\ x[tan(\phi) - tan(\theta)] = d \, tan(\phi) \\ x= \frac{d tan(\phi)}{tan(\phi)-tan(\theta)}](https://tex.z-dn.net/?f=%28x%20-%20d%29%20%5C%2C%20tan%28%5Cphi%29%20%3D%20x%20%5C%2C%20tan%28%5Ctheta%29%20%5C%5C%20x%5Btan%28%5Cphi%29%20-%20tan%28%5Ctheta%29%5D%20%3D%20d%20%5C%2C%20tan%28%5Cphi%29%20%5C%5C%20x%3D%20%5Cfrac%7Bd%20tan%28%5Cphi%29%7D%7Btan%28%5Cphi%29-tan%28%5Ctheta%29%7D%20)
From (1), obtain the required expression for y.
Answer:
<span>a crack across rock layers caused by moving plates
molten rock - fault (a fault is a rupture or scission in a block of rocks that allows both parts from the scission to slide over each other)
</span><span>horizontal intrusion - sill (a sill is a mass of igneous rock that intruded horizontally and laterally through rock layers already existent)
</span><span>vertical intrusion - d(y)ke (a d(y)ke is also a mass of igneous rock, but this time that intruded vertically across rock layers, many times through an already existing crack)
</span><span>natural, upward movement of rock layers - uplift (uplift is a geological process in which a portion of the Earth's crust is elevated from its original position due to plate tectonics)</span>
I think the answer would be sun they get energy from the sun