10. A safe place to use the trebuchet would be away from other buildings and people. A good example of a place would be a large field with no nearby structures.
14. Many factors need to be kept consistent throughout the experiment. One example of a variable that would need to be consistent is the weight and size of the projectile.
15. It is important to do many trials so that you can make sure that the results of each trial are nearly the same. If they are all vastly different, then it means that something has gone wrong.
Sorry I was only able to answer a few questions, but I hope these few answers help! :)
For the work-energy theorem, the work needed to stop the bus is equal to its variation of kinetic energy:

where
W is the work
Kf is the final kinetic energy of the bus
Ki is the initial kinetic energy of the bus
Since the bus comes at rest, its final kinetic energy is zero:

, so the work done by the brakes to stop the bus is

And the work done is negative, because the force applied by the brake is in the opposite direction to that of the bus motion.
The last one.
One grey sphere, Four white spheres, and One red spheres
Explanation:
Given that,
Distance 1, r = 100 m
Intensity, 
If distance 2, r' = 25 m
We need to find the intensity and the intensity level at 25 meters. Intensity and a distance r is given by :
.........(1)
Let I' is the intensity at r'. So,
............(2)
From equation (1) and (2) :



Intensity level is given by :
, 

dB = 32.96 dB
Hence, this is the required solution.