Answer:

Explanation:
By Snell's law we know at the left surface




now we have


now on the other surface we know that
angle of incidence = 

so again we have

so we have


also we know that


By solving above equation we have

The total resistance in a series circuit is equal to the sum of all resistors (R total = ΣRi).
R total = R1 + R2 + R3 = (3 + 4 + 5) Ω = 12 Ω
Because the polar regions receive low-angle insolation.
Insolation is the amount of solar radiation received by a given area. The Sun is always low on the horizon. The low Sun angle makes the beam of solar radiation to travel a longer distance from upper troposphere to reach earth's surface as compared to when it is directly overhead. In this case, the radiations are scattered and reflected more by the atmosphere and spread over a larger area. Thus, the intensity of solar radiation is very less at polar regions than near the equatorial region. This is the reason of very cold climates at polar regions.