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Nesterboy [21]
3 years ago
8

6. What is the oxidation number for the atom indicated in the following compounds.

Chemistry
1 answer:
Hatshy [7]3 years ago
4 0

Answer:

a. +6;

b. +5;

c. +3.

Explanation:

Start with elements with well-known oxidation states.

The oxidation state on oxygen O in compounds is mostly -2. Common exceptions include:

  • -1 in peroxides and
  • positive when oxygen bonds to fluorine.

The oxidation state on group 1 metals (Li, Na, K, etc.) in compounds is mostly +1.

The oxidation state on group 2 metals (Be, Mg, Ca, etc.) in compounds is mostly +2.

Barium Ba is a group 2 metal. The oxidation state on Ba in the compound BaSO₄ is expected to be +2.

The oxidation state on hydrogen H in compounds is mostly +1. The oxidation state on H might be negative when it is bonded to metals.  

The oxidation state on halogens (F, Cl, Br, etc.) is mostly -1. The oxidation state may vary when the halogen is bonded to oxygen or another halogen element.

Compounds are neutral. The oxidation state on all atoms in a compound shall add up to 0. Both BaSO₄ and HClO₂ are neutral.

<h3>BaSO₄</h3>

Oxidation states:

  • Ba: +2;
  • The oxidation state on sulfur S is to be determined;
  • O: -2.

Let the oxidation state on S be x.

2 + x + 4 × (-2) = 0;

x = 6.

Hence, the oxidation state on S in BaSO₄ is +6.

<h3>HClO₂</h3>

Oxidation states:

  • H: +1;
  • Cl here is bonded to oxygen. The oxidation state on chlorine Cl is to be determined;
  • O: -2.

Let the oxidation state on Cl be x.

<em>Refer to the equation in BaSO₄ as an example. Try setting up the equation on your own. </em>

x = 3.

Hence, the oxidation state on Cl is +3.

<h3>PO₄³⁻</h3>

Ions carry charge. Oxidation states on atoms in an ion shall add up to the charge of the ion. The superscript of an ion shows its charge. The superscript 3- in the phosphate ion shows that the ion carries a charge of -3.

Oxidation states:

  • The oxidation state on P is to be found;
  • O: -2.

Let the oxidation state on P be x.

x + 4 × (-2) = -3;

x = 5.

Hence, the oxidation state on P is +5.

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1143.4grams of solute are needed to make 2.50L of a 1.75M solution of Ba(NO3)2. Details about molarity can be found below.

<h3>How to calculate mass?</h3>

The mass of a substance can be calculated by multiplying the number of moles by its molar mass.

However, the number of moles can be calculated by using the following formula:

Molarity = no of moles ÷ volume

no of moles = 1.75 × 2.5

no of moles = 4.38mol

molar mass of Ba(NO3)2 = 261.34g/mol

mass of Ba(NO3)2 = 261.34 × 4.38

mass of Ba(NO3)2 = 1143.4grams.

Therefore, 1143.4grams of solute are needed to make 2.50L of a 1.75M solution of Ba(NO3)2.

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Explanation:

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