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inna [77]
3 years ago
7

A light bulb is switched on and within a few minutes its temperature becomes constant. Is it at equilibrium or steady state.

Engineering
1 answer:
EleoNora [17]3 years ago
6 0

Answer:

The temperature attains equilibrium with the surroundings.  

Explanation:

When the light bulb is lighted we know that it's temperature will go on increasing as the filament of the bulb has to  constantly dissipates energy during the time in which it is on. Now this energy is dissipated as heat as we know it, this heat energy is absorbed by the material of the bulb which is usually made up of glass, increasing it's temperature. Now we know that any object with temperature above absolute zero has to dissipate energy in form of radiations.

Thus we conclude that the bulb absorbs as well as dissipates it's absorbed thermal energy. we know that this rate is dependent on the temperature of the bulb thus it the temperature of the bulb does not change we can infer that an equilibrium has been reached in the above 2 processes i.e the rate of energy absorption equals the rate of energy dissipation.

Steady state is the condition when the condition does not change with time no matter whatever the surrounding conditions are.

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A bridge to be fabricated of steel girders is designed to be 500 m long and 12 m wide at ambient temperature (assumed 20°C). Exp
Volgvan

Answer:

a) 22.5number

b) 22.22 m length

Explanation:

Given data:

Bridge length = 500 m

width of bridge = 12 m

Maximum temperature = 40 degree C

minimum temperature  = - 35 degree C

Maximum expansion can be determined as

\Delta L = L \alpha (T_{max} - T_{min})

where , \alpha is expansion coefficient = 12\times 10^{-6} degree C

SO, \Delta L = 500\times 12\times 10^{-6}\times ( 40 - (-35))

\Delta L = 0.45 m = 450 mm

number of minimum expansion joints is calculated as

n = \frac{450}{20} = 22.5

b) length of each bridge

Length = \frac{500}{22.5} = 22.22 m

8 0
3 years ago
Air enters a compressor steadily at the ambient conditions of 100 kPa and 22°C and leaves at 800 kPa. Heat is lost from the comp
telo118 [61]

Answer:

a) 358.8K

b) 181.1 kJ/kg.K

c) 0.0068 kJ/kg.K

Explanation:

Given:

P1 = 100kPa

P2= 800kPa

T1 = 22°C = 22+273 = 295K

q_out = 120 kJ/kg

∆S_air = 0.40 kJ/kg.k

T2 =??

a) Using the formula for change in entropy of air, we have:

∆S_air = c_p In \frac{T_2}{T_1} - Rln \frac{P_2}{P_1}

Let's take gas constant, Cp= 1.005 kJ/kg.K and R = 0.287 kJ/kg.K

Solving, we have:

[/tex] -0.40= (1.005)ln\frac{T_2}{295} ln\frac{800}{100}[/tex]

-0.40= 1.005(ln T_2 - 5.68697)- 0.5968

Solving for T2 we have:

T_2 = 5.8828

Taking the exponential on the equation (both sides), we have:

[/tex] T_2 = e^5^.^8^8^2^8 = 358.8K[/tex]

b) Work input to compressor:

w_in = c_p(T_2 - T_1)+q_out

w_in = 1.005(358.8 - 295)+120

= 184.1 kJ/kg

c) Entropy genered during this process, we use the expression;

Egen = ∆Eair + ∆Es

Where; Egen = generated entropy

∆Eair = Entropy change of air in compressor

∆Es = Entropy change in surrounding.

We need to first find ∆Es, since it is unknown.

Therefore ∆Es = \frac{q_out}{T_1}

\frac{120kJ/kg.k}{295K}

∆Es = 0.4068kJ/kg.k

Hence, entropy generated, Egen will be calculated as:

= -0.40 kJ/kg.K + 0.40608kJ/kg.K

= 0.0068kJ/kg.k

3 0
3 years ago
A closed, rigid tank is lled with a gas modeled as an ideal gas, initially at 27°C and a gage pressure of 300 kPa. The gas is he
sergejj [24]

Answer:

T₂ =93.77  °C

Explanation:

Initial temperature ,T₁ =27°C= 273 +27 = 300 K

We know that

Absolute pressure = Gauge pressure + Atmospheric pressure

Initial pressure ,P₁ = 300+1=301 kPa

Final pressure  ,P₂= 367+1 = 368  kPa

Lets take  temperature=T₂

We know that ,If the volume of the gas is constant ,then we can say that

\dfrac{P_2}{P_1}=\dfrac{T_2}{T_1}

{T_2}=T_1\times \dfrac{P_2}{P_1}

Now by putting the values in the above equation we get

{T_2}=300\times \dfrac{368}{301}\ K

The temperature in  °C

T₂ = 366.77 - 273  °C

T₂ =93.77  °C

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3 years ago
The privilege of driving comes with
julsineya [31]
The privilege of driving comes with responsibility
5 0
2 years ago
(True/False) Unix is written in the C language. *<br> True<br> O False
Katarina [22]

Answer:

false

Explanation:

8 0
2 years ago
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