The fourteenth amendment was integral in granting equal rights to all citizens of the United States. This was not only for the citizens born in the country but naturalized citizens, former/freed slaves, and all children born to people not naturalized Americans.
The fourteenth amendment timeline is listed below;
06-08-1866 - By a vote of 33-11 the fourteenth amendment passed the Senate.
06-13-1866 - By a vote of 120-32 the fourteenth amendment passed the House of Representatives.
06-18-1866 - United States Statutes at Large, entered the amendment into text.
06-22-1866 - President Andrew Jackson announced that the the amendment was sent to be ratified by the states.
07-28-1868 - A proclamation stating the ratification was certified.
I believe the correct answer from the choices listed above is the third option. <span>The force exerted by the book on the table is equal to the force exerted by the table which is 4.0 N. The book does not move so it must be that the forces are balanced. Hope this answers the question.</span>