In this case, "P" is representing homozygosity "Q" is representing genetic variation. Therefore the individuals are further decreasing genetic variation by increasing homozygosity in the genomes of their offspring. Mutation is a weak force for changing allele frequencies but is a strong force for introducing new alleles therefore it is the ultimate source of new alleles in plant pathogen populations. Nonrandom mating - Frequency of plants with pink flowers will be much less than 2pq Nonrandom mating<span> occurs when the probability that two individuals in a population will mate is not the same for all possible pairs of individuals. </span> Natural selection - p and q will stay the same
The interactions between individuals and their environment are what determines whether their genetic information will be passed on or not. The sum of the allele frequencies for all the alleles at the locus must be 1, so p + q = 1.
Small population size - Changes in p and q cannot be predicted
Small populations tend to lose genetic diversity more quickly than large populations due to stochastic sampling error
Gene flow - p will decrease and q will increase
Migrants result change the distribution of genetic<span> diversity within the populations, by modifying the allele frequencies. </span>
A shorter electromagnetic wave is hotter. A shorter electromagnetic wave produce heat hotter than ultraviolet rays. Because it produces both gamma rays and ultraviolet rays that makes it hotter that the heat of the sun.
The magnification equation relates the ratio of the image distance and object distance to the ratio of the image height (h^i) and object height (h^o). The magnification equation is stated as follows: