The answer is: molecular polarity.
Paper chromatography is an analytical method used to separate colored substances.
Substances are distributed between a stationary phase and a mobile phase.
Substances have different chemical structures and because of that, the different polarity, so each molecule have a different solubility in the solvent.
If a substance is very nonpolar, it will not dissolve at all in a very polar solvent.
If water (polar substance) is a solvent, the more polar the color, the higher it will rise on the papers.
The highlighted atoms have sp2 - sp3 hybridization. The highlighted atoms are carbon and nitrogen as shown.
The structure of Xanthine is shown in the image attached to this answer. The indicated atoms are Carbon and nitrogen as shown. Let us remember that hybridization has to do with the mixing of atomic orbitals to form appropriate hybrid orbitals that are suitable for overlap with orbitals of other atoms.
The highlighted carbon atom is sp2 hybridized because it has a carbon nitrogen double bond while the highlighted nitrogen atom is sp3 hybridized. Therefore, the highlighted atoms have sp2 - sp3 hybridization.
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<u>Answer:</u> The bronsted acids for the given reaction are
<u>Explanation:</u>
According to the Bronsted-Lowry conjugate acid-base theory:
- An acid is defined as a substance which looses or donates protons and thus forming conjugate base.
- A base is defined as a substance which accepts protons and thus forming conjugate acid.
For the given chemical equation:
For the forward reaction, looses 1 proton to form and thus acts as bronsted acid.
For the backward reaction, looses 1 proton to form and thus acts as bronsted acid
Hence, the bronsted acids for the given reaction are