All categories

3 years ago

What property of matter best describes the way a typical alcohol thermometer works?

Chemistry

1 answer:

julsineya [31]3 years ago

7 0

Answer:

<u>thermal expansion</u>

Explanation:

Matter expands when heated.

Matter is composed of particles (atoms, molecules or ions) which ocuppy a space.

At lower temperatures, matter has low kinetic energy, so the particles vibrate and or translate with low speed. When the matter is heated, the kinetic energy of the particles increases, meaning that they will vibrate and move faster.

When the particles vibrate and move faster they will occupy more space, which explains the thermal expansion.

So, at start the alcohol thermometer will be in thermal equilibrium with the surroundings (same temperature). The alcohol will occupy a certain volume inside the thermometer, which corresponds to a level mark (altitude of the alcohol inside the thermometer)

If the thermometer gets in contact with a colder substance, the walls of the thermometer will transfer heat to the colder substance, and the alcohol inside the thermometer will transfer heat to the walls of the thermometer. As result, the alcohol will lose kinetic energy and it will occupy less volume, which will cause that its level inside the thermometer fall.

On the other hand, if the thermometer gets in contact with a warmer substance, the heat will flow from the warmer substance to the alcohol inside the thermometer, the particles of alcohol will vibrate and move faster, its volume will increase and, being as it is contained inside the walls of the thermometer, its level will rise.

You might be interested in

How many covalent bonds does nitrogen form if each of its unpaired electrons participate in one bond?

nirvana33 [79]

Nitrogen could form 3 covalent bonds if each of its unpaired electrons participates in one bond.

Nitrogen atom forms 3 bonds based on octet rule, because it has 5 valence electrons. That means it needs 3 bonds or three more electrons.

<h3>Further Explanation;</h3><h3>Chemical bond </h3>

A bond is a type of force that is formed between atoms of different through the sharing or transfer of electrons.

<h3>Octet rule</h3>

According to the octet rule for an atom to be stable it must have maximum number of electrons in its outermost energy level. Therefore an atom with four electrons requires four more electrons to attain stability.

<h3>Types of chemical bonds.</h3><h3>Covalent bond </h3>

This is a type of bond that is formed between non-metal atoms. It is formed as a result of sharing electrons between non-metal atoms involved.
When atoms involved contribute equal number of electrons to the bond formation, the type of bond is known as covalent bond
A covalent bond may be a dative covalent bond, when the shared electrons come from one atom.

<h3>Ionic bond </h3>

This is a type of bond that occurs between metal ions and non-metal ions. Ionic bond occurs as a result of transfer of electrons from one metal atom to another non-metal atom.
After the transfer of electrons, metal atom loses electron to form a cation while the non-metal atom gains electrons to form an anion.

<h3>Other types of chemical bonds include;</h3>

Hydrogen bonds
Metallic bonds
Dipole-dipole interactions, etc.

Keywords: Chemical bond, covalent bond, atom

<h3>Learn more about:</h3>

Chemical bonds:brainly.com/question/5274289
Ionic bonds: brainly.com/question/5274289
Covalent bonds: brainly.com/question/5274289

Level: High school

Subject: Chemistry

Topic: structure and bonding

Sub-topic: Covalent bond

3 0

3 years ago

Read 2 more answers

An electrochemical cell at 25°C is composed of pure copper and pure lead solutions immersed in their respective ionis. For a 0.6

ExtremeBDS [4]

Answer :

(a) The concentration of $Pb^{2+}$ is, 0.0337 M

(b) The concentration of $Pb^{2+}$ is, $6.093\times 10^{32}M$

Solution :

<u>(a) As per question, lead is oxidized and copper is reduced.</u>

The oxidation-reduction half cell reaction will be,

Oxidation half reaction: $Pb\rightarrow Pb^{2+}+2e^-$

Reduction half reaction: $Cu^{2+}+2e^-\rightarrow Cu$

The balanced cell reaction will be,

$Pb(s)+Cu^{2+}(aq)\rightarrow Pb^{2+}(aq)+Cu(s)$

Here lead (Pb) undergoes oxidation by loss of electrons, thus act as anode. Copper (Cu) undergoes reduction by gain of electrons and thus act as cathode.

First we have to calculate the standard electrode potential of the cell.

$E^o_{[Pb^{2+}/Pb]}=-0.13V$

$E^o_{[Cu^{2+}/Cu]}=+0.34V$

$E^o=E^o_{[Cu^{2+}/Cu]}-E^o_{[Pb^{2+}/Pb]}$

$E^o=0.34V-(-0.13V)=0.47V$

Now we have to calculate the concentration of $Pb^{2+}$ .

Using Nernest equation :

$E_{cell}=E^o_{cell}-\frac{0.0592}{n}\log \frac{[Pb^{2+}]}{[Cu^{2+}]}$

where,

n = number of electrons in oxidation-reduction reaction = 2

$E_{cell}$ = 0.507 V

Now put all the given values in the above equation, we get:

$0.507=0.47-\frac{0.0592}{2}\log \frac{[Pb^{2+}]}{(0.6)}$

$[Pb^{2+}]=0.0337M$

Therefore, the concentration of $Pb^{2+}$ is, 0.0337 M

<u>(b) As per question, lead is reduced and copper is oxidized.</u>

The oxidation-reduction half cell reaction will be,

Oxidation half reaction: $Cu\rightarrow Cu^{2+}+2e^-$

Reduction half reaction: $Pb^{2+}+2e^-\rightarrow Pb$

The balanced cell reaction will be,

$Cu(s)+Pb^{2+}(aq)\rightarrow Cu^{2+}(aq)+Pb(s)$

Here Copper (Cu) undergoes oxidation by loss of electrons, thus act as anode. Lead (Pb) undergoes reduction by gain of electrons and thus act as cathode.

First we have to calculate the standard electrode potential of the cell.

$E^o_{[Pb^{2+}/Pb]}=-0.13V$

$E^o_{[Cu^{2+}/Cu]}=+0.34V$

$E^o=E^o_{[Pb^{2+}/Pb]}-E^o_{[Cu^{2+}/Cu]}$