Answer:
Explanation:
The number of moles of solute is equal to product of the molar concentration (molarity) and the volume (in liters) of solution.
Since the volumes and the molar concentrations of the<em> NaOH </em>and <em>HCl </em>solutions mixed are equal, each one of them contributes the same number of moles of solute.
Since every mol of NaOH produces one mol of OH⁻ ions and every mol of HCl produces one mol of H⁺ ion, the number of moles of OH ⁻ and H⁺ in solution are equal.
Thus, OH⁻ and H⁺ ions will be neutralized by the reaction:
- OH⁻ (aq) + H⁺ (aq) ⇄ H₂O (l)
Which is strongly shifted to the right and has <em>neutral pH</em>.
Hence, you conclude that the approximate <em>pH of the solution is neutral.</em>
Answer:
a. pH = 2 b. pH = 3 c. pH = 1 d. Unanswerable
Explanation:
pH = -log[H+] OR pH = -log{H3O+]
and inversely
pOH = -log[OH-]
1. Determine what substance you are working with, (acid/base)
2. Determine whether or not that acid or base is strong or weak.
a. 1.0 x 10^-2M HCl
HCl is a strong acid, therefore it will dissociate completely into H+ and Cl- with all ions going to the H+, therefore, the concentration of HCl and concentration of H+ are going to be equal, meaning we simply take the negative logarithm of the concentration of HCl and that would equal pH
pH = -log[H+]
pH = -log(1.0x10^-2)
pH = 2
b. 1.0 x 10^-3M HNO3
HNO3 like part a, is a strong acid, therefore it would simply require you to take the negative logarithm of the concentration of the compound itself, to find its pH.
pH = -log[H+]
pH = -log(1.0 x 10^-3)
pH = 3
c. 1.0 x 10^-1M HI
Like the previous parts, HI is a strong acid
pH = -log[H+]
pH = -log(0.10)
pH = 1
d. HB isn't an element, nor is it a compound so that would be unanswerable.
Answer:
19.8% of Nitrogen
Explanation:
In the Al(NO₃)₃ there are:
1 atom of Al
3 atoms of N
And 9 atoms of O
The molar mass of Al(NO₃)₃ is:
1 Al * (26.98g/mol) = 26.98g/mol
3 N * (14g/mol) = 42g/mol
9 O * (16g/mol) = 144g/mol
26.98 + 42 + 144 = 212.98g/mol
We can do a conversion using these molar masses to find the mass of nitrogen is the sample, that is:
2.57g * (42g/mol / 212.98g/mol) =
0.51g N
Percent composition of nitrogen is:
0.51g N / 2.57g * 100
= 19.8% of Nitrogen
<span>I did some investigation and summarized the process and made a clearer explanation so those who are confused can imagine the process better :) A scientific theory attempts to explain and describe why things happen. Hypotheses are formed and experiments are done to validate or toss the hypothesis based on the data collected. The Atomic Theory has gone through lots of refining as a scientific theory. For instance, William Crookes conduced an experiment with cathode ray tubes powered by electricity that glowed when powered. Crookes placed an object in between the positive and negative electrode and concluded that the shadow made on the positive side was small particles of matter traveling from the negative side. But more evidence was needed so, later on, J.J. Thomson continued Crookes experiment. He tested what would happen if a negative or positive charged rod was placed along the ray tubes and if it would differ if a different element was used as the negative electrode. Thomson found out that the beam had negatively charged particles and that even if the negative electrode is substituted, the glow is still present, meaning that all elements also had the small negative particles. These particles(now known as electrons) were smaller than the atom and were added to the model of the atom dispersed throughout the neutrally charged atom inside its positive sphere. Now came along Rutherford hoping to support Thomsons model by firing positively charged particles at a thin gold foil thinking it would go straight through the foil, but instead it evenly distributed as they went through the foil, concluding that atoms have a small, dense nucleus(containing positive protons and most of the mass of the atom) that deflected the particles passing through. This was a drastic change in the model now knowing that 1 proton has 2000 times the mass of an electron, but its positive charge cancels the negative electron. After WW1, Chadwick and others were seeing that sometimes the mass of the atom was greater than the mass of the protons and the number of protons was less than the mass of the atom. So it was thought that there were extra electrons and protons adding mass in the nucleus but cancelling their charges, but Rutherford proposed a particle with mass but no charge and called it a neutron; made of paired protons and electrons. But scientists kept studying atoms since there was no evidence of the neutron. Chadwick repeated these experiments though, in hopes to find the neutron and succeeded in 1932, finding it in the nucleus with a close mass to the proton. Thanks to these experiments for refining a scientific theory, we now have a clearer model of the atom.</span>
