Answer:
Salt in the ocean comes from two sources: runoff from the land and openings in the seafloor. Rocks on land are the major source of salts dissolved in seawater. Rainwater that falls on land is slightly acidic, so it erodes rocks.
Answer:
4 x 10⁻⁴ J
Explanation:
C = 5000 pF, V = 400 V
Energy = CV²/2 = 5000 x 10⁻¹² x 400²/2 = 4 x 10⁻⁴ J
Answer:
A. 
B. 
C. 
Explanation:
The capacitance of a capacitor is its ability to store charges. For parallel-plate capacitors, this ability depends the material between the plates, the common plate area and the plate separation. The relationship is
is the capacitance, 
is the common plate area, 
is the plate separation and 
is the permittivity of the material between the plates.
For air or free space, is 
called the permittivity of free space. In general, 
where 
is the relative permittivity or dielectric constant of the material between the plates. It is a factor that determines the strength of the material compared to air. In fact, for air or vacuum, 
.
The energy stored in a capacitor is the average of the product of its charge and voltage.
Its charge, 
, is related to its capacitance by 
(this is the electrical definition of capacitance, a ratio of the charge to its voltage; the previous formula is the geometric definition). Substituting this in the formula for 
,
A. Substituting for in ,
B. When the distance is 
,
C. When the distance is restored but with a dielectric material of dielectric constant, 
, inserted, we have
Answer:
In the previous section, we defined circular motion. The simplest case of circular motion is uniform circular motion, where an object travels a circular path at a constant speed. Note that, unlike speed, the linear velocity of an object in circular motion is constantly changing because it is always changing direction. We know from kinematics that acceleration is a change in velocity, either in magnitude or in direction or both. Therefore, an object undergoing uniform circular motion is always accelerating, even though the magnitude of its velocity is constant.
You experience this acceleration yourself every time you ride in a car while it turns a corner. If you hold the steering wheel steady during the turn and move at a constant speed, you are executing uniform circular motion. What you notice is a feeling of sliding (or being flung, depending on the speed) away from the center of the turn. This isn’t an actual force that is acting on you—it only happens because your body wants to continue moving in a straight line (as per Newton’s first law) whereas the car is turning off this straight-line path. Inside the car it appears as if you are forced away from the center of the turn. This fictitious force is known as the centrifugal force. The sharper the curve and the greater your speed, the more noticeable this effect becomes.
Figure 6.7 shows an object moving in a circular path at constant speed. The direction of the instantaneous tangential velocity is shown at two points along the path. Acceleration is in the direction of the change in velocity; in this case it points roughly toward the center of rotation. (The center of rotation is at the center of the circular path). If we imagine Δs becoming smaller and smaller, then the acceleration would point exactly toward the center of rotation, but this case is hard to draw. We call the acceleration of an object moving in uniform circular motion the centripetal acceleration ac because centripetal means center seeking.
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