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valkas [14]
3 years ago
12

PLS HELP,WILL GIVE BRAINLIEST + 30 POINTS

Physics
1 answer:
mixer [17]3 years ago
3 0

Answer:

☟

Explanation:

Fuels made from oil mixtures containing large hydrocarbon molecules are not efficient as they do not flow easily and are difficult to ignite. Crude oil often contains too many large hydrocarbon molecules and not enough small hydrocarbon molecules to meet demand. This is where cracking comes in.

Cracking allows large hydrocarbon molecules to be broken down into smaller, more useful hydrocarbon molecules. Fractions containing large hydrocarbon molecules are heated to vaporise them. They are then either:

heated to 600-700°C

passed over a catalyst of silica or alumina

These processes break covalent bonds in the molecules, causing thermal decompositionreactions. Cracking produces smaller alkanesand alkenes (hydrocarbons that contain carbon-carbon double bonds). For example:

hexane → butane + ethene

C6H14 → C4H10 + C2H4

Some of the smaller hydrocarbons formed by cracking are used as fuels, and the alkenes are used to make polymers in plastics manufacture. Sometimes, hydrogen is also produced during cracking.

Fractional distillation of crude oil

Fractional distillation separates a mixture into a number of different parts, called fractions.

A tall fractionating column is fitted above the mixture, with several condensers coming off at different heights. The column is hot at the bottom and cool at the top. Substances with high boiling points condense at the bottom and substances with lower boiling points condense on the way to the top.

Crude oil is a mixture of hydrocarbons. The crude oil is evaporated and its vapours condense at different temperatures in the fractionating column. Each fraction contains hydrocarbon molecules with a similar number of carbon atoms and a similar range of boiling points.

Oil fractions

The diagram below summarises the main fractions from crude oil and their uses, and the trends in properties. Note that the gases leave at the top of the column, the liquids condense in the middle and the solids stay at the bottom.

As you go up the fractionating column, the hydrocarbons have:

lower boiling points

lower viscosity (they flow more easily)

higher flammability (they ignite more easily).

Other fossil fuels

Crude oil is not the only fossil fuel.

Natural gas mainly consists of methane. It is used in domestic boilers, cookers and Bunsen burners, as well as in some power stations.

Coal was formed from the remains of ancient forests. It can be burned in power stations. Coal is mainly carbon but it may also contain sulfur compounds, which produce sulfur dioxide when the coal is burned. This gas is a cause of acid rain. Also, as all fossil fuels contain carbon, the burning of any fossil fuel will contribute to global warming due to the production of carbon dioxide.

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Find the change in kinetic energy of a 1.0 kg fish leaping to the right at 12.0 m/s.
sp2606 [1]

Answer:

6J

Explanation:

Given parameters:

Mass of fish  = 1kg

Velocity  = 12m/s

Unknown:

Change in kinetic energy = ?

Solution:

Kinetic energy is the energy due to the motion of a body. It is mathematically given as:

       K.E  = \frac{1}{2}  m v²  

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  K.E  =  \frac{1}{2}  x 1 x 12  = 6J

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4 0
3 years ago
Read 2 more answers
An Alaskan rescue plane traveling 41 m/s drops a package of emergency rations from a height of 192 m to a stranded party of expl
svet-max [94.6K]

Answer:

a)The package strikes 256.2 m in the ground relative to the point directly below where it was released

b) The horizontal component will not change it remains same as 41 m/s

c) Vertical component of velocity = 61.41 m/s

Explanation:

a) Consider the vertical motion of plane,

         We have equation of motion, s = ut + 0.5 at²

         Initial velocity, u = 0 m/s

         Displacement, s = 192 m

         Acceleration, a = 9.81 m/s²

         Substituting

                      s = ut + 0.5 at²

                      192 = 0 x t + 0.5 x 9.81 x t²

                         t = 6.26 seconds

         Now we need to find horizontal distance traveled in 6.26 seconds by the package.

         We have equation of motion, s = ut + 0.5 at²

         Initial velocity, u = 41 m/s

        Time, t = 6.26 s

         Acceleration, a = 0 m/s²

         Substituting

                      s = ut + 0.5 at²

                      s = 41 x 6.26 + 0.5 x 0 x 6.26²

                         s = 256.52 m

     The package strikes 256.2 m in the ground relative to the point directly below where it was released

b) The horizontal component will not change it remains same as 41 m/s

c) We have equation of motion, v = u+ at

          Initial velocity, u = 0 m/s

         Time, t = 6.26 s

         Acceleration, a = 9.81 m/s²  

         Substituting

                      v = u+ at

                       v = 0 + 9.81 x 6.26 = 61.41 m/s

   Vertical component of velocity = 61.41 m/s      

4 0
3 years ago
If a fish is trying to capture an insect hovering above the surface of the water – how will it jump to catch it? Will it aim abo
Viktor [21]

Answer:

It will have aim at a point "below" the insect.

From the insect's point of view, the fish will appear to be shallower than it actually is because a ray of light from the insect to the fish will be bent "towards" the normal when the ray enters the water

5 0
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