<em></em>
Answer:
<u><em>The aufbau principle</em></u>
<u />
<u><em>The Pauli exclusion principle</em></u>
<u><em></em></u>
<u><em>Hund's rule of maximum multiplicity</em></u>
Explanation:
<u><em>The aufbau principle:</em></u>
<em></em>
The fundamental electronic configuration is achieved by placing the electrons one by one in the different orbitals available for the atom, which are arranged in increasing order of energy.
<u><em>The Pauli exclusion principle:</em></u>
<em></em>
Two electrons of the same atom cannot have their four equal quantum numbers. Because each orbital is defined by the quantum numbers n, l, and m, there are only two possibilities ms = -1/2 and ms = +1/2, which physically reflects that each orbital can contain a maximum of two electrons, having opposite spins
<u><em>Hund's rule of maximum multiplicity:</em></u>
This rule says that when there are several electrons occupying degenerate orbitals, of equal energy, they will do so in different orbitals and with parallel spins, whenever this is possible. Because electrons repel each other, the minimum energy configuration is one that has electrons as far away as possible from each other, and that is why they are distributed separately before two electrons occupy the same orbital.
Answer:
In an elastic collision:
- There is no external net force acting. Thus, Momentum before and after collision is equal. Momentum remains conserved.
- Total energy always remains conserved as energy cannot be created nor destroyed. It can change from one form to another.
- There is no lost due to friction in elastic collision. So the kinetic energy is also conserved.
- Velocities may change after collision. If the masses are equal, the velocities interchange.
When one object is stationary:
Final velocity of object 1:
v₁ = (m₁ - m₂)u₁/(m₁ +m₂)
Final velocity of object 2:
v₂ = (2 m₁ u₁)/(m₁+m₂) =
- Objects do not stick together in elastic collision. They stick together in inelastic collision.
- One object may be stationary before the elastic collision.
Thus, conditions for an elastic collision:
- Energy is conserved.
- Velocities may change.
- Momentum is conserved.
- Kinetic energy is conserved.
- One object may be stationary before the elastic collision.
You asked a question. I'm about to answer it.
Sadly, I can almost guarantee that you won't understand the solution.
This realization grieves me, but there is little I can do to change it.
My explanation will be the best of which I'm capable.
Here are the Physics facts I'll use in the solution:
-- "Apparent magnitude" means how bright the star appears to us.
-- "Absolute magnitude" means the how bright the star WOULD appear
if it were located 32.6 light years from us (10 parsecs).
-- A change of 5 magnitudes means a 100 times change in brightness,
so each magnitude means brightness is multiplied or divided by ⁵√100 .
That's about 2.512... .
-- Increasing magnitude means dimmer.
Decreasing magnitude means brighter.
+5 is 10 magnitudes dimmer than -5 .
-- Apparent brightness is inversely proportional to the square
of the distance from the source (just like gravity, sound, and
the force between charges).
That's all the Physics. The rest of the solution is just arithmetic.
____________________________________________________
-- The star in the question would appear M(-5) at a distance of
32.6 light years.
-- It actually appears as a M(+5). That's 10 magnitudes dimmer than M(-5),
because of being farther away than 32.6 light years.
-- 10 magnitudes dimmer is ( ⁵√100)⁻¹⁰ = (100)^(-2) .
-- But brightness varies as the inverse square of distance,
so that exponent is (negative double) the ratio of the distances,
and the actual distance to the star is
(32.6) · (100)^(1) light years
= (32.6) · (100) light years
= approx. 3,260 light years . (roughly 1,000 parsecs)
I'll have to confess that I haven't done one of these calculations
in over 50 years, and I'm not really that confident in my result.
If somebody's health or safety depended on it, or the success of
a space mission, then I'd be strongly recommending that you get
a second opinion.
But, quite frankly, I do feel that mine is worth the 5 points.
Hey
So first we need to know what the direction of the force is, using your right hand rule point your right hand in the direction of the velocity. You're saying its the z direction, not telling me whether it's into the page or out? Since its a positive z im assuming its coming out. The magnetic field is pushing it upwards, so the force is going in the negative x direction.
The force of a magnetic field is
F = Qv X B
What's weird is that you don't need mass in this equation. Actually you don't even need the formula, its telling you that they're all going in perpendicar directions. the answer is 90 degrees.
Now if you want to know the F just multiply the charge, velocity and magnetic field .
F = GVB
F = 6.048 E -15
Answer : 90 degrees, sin(90) = 1
