Paradoxes and Russell's Type Theories.
Simple Type Theory and the λ -Calculus.
Ramified Hierarchy and Impredicative Principles.
Type Theory/Set Theory.
Type Theory/Category Theory.
Extensions of Type System, Polymorphism, Paradoxes.
Univalent Foundations.
Answer:

Explanation:
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In this case, since these calorimetry problems are characterized by the fact that the calorimeter absorbs the heat released by the combustion of the substance, we can write:

Thus, given the temperature change and the total heat capacity, we obtain the following total heat of reaction:

Now, by dividing by the moles in 1.04 g of cyclopropane (42.09 g/mol) we obtain the enthalpy of combustion of this fuel:

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The simple trick which one can consider in such problem where it is asked for positron emission is :
<span>When the atomic number goes DOWN by one and mass number remains unchanged, then a positron is emitted.
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<span>a. </span>

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Here the atomic number decreases by one.
Similarly, options b and d are eliminated.
Option c is also not the answer.
For c, Count the atomic number on left side and compare it with right side. You will see it is 9 on left and 8 on right. Atomic no. did go down by 1. But the atomic mass is changed as well.
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