Statement :- We assume the orthagonal sequence
in Hilbert space, now
, the Fourier coefficients are given by:

Then Bessel's inequality give us:

Proof :- We assume the following equation is true

So that,
is projection of
onto the surface by the first
of the
. For any event, 
Now, by Pythagoras theorem:


Now, we can deduce that from the above equation that;

For
, we have

Hence, Proved
Correct Answers:
- The waves have a trough
- the waves have a crest
- the energy that is transferred move in a perpendicular direction
- particles move in an up and down motion
the axis acts against and it would be a contact force