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aleksandrvk [35]
3 years ago
14

Based on the following passage, why might the government use the U.S. Army Corps of Engineers to undertake hydroelectric power p

rojects instead of allowing private businesses to undertake them?
Before World War I, most power projects were developed by private interests. During the Great Depression, president Franklin Roosevelt developed federal hydropower projects to give low-cost energy to consumers. The U.S. Army Corps of Engineers undertook three major hydroelectric power projects during this era: the Bonneville Dam on the Columbia River, the Fort Peck Dam on the Missouri River, and the Passamaquoddy Tidal Power Project in Maine. Congress organized the Bonneville Power Administration in 1937 to distribute the power and set usage rates for all power generated at Bonneville Dam.


Hydroelectric power is closely linked to national security.

Private businesses are by law disallowed from engaging in hydroelectric power projects.

The government would have less power to control the cost of electricity from privately funded projects.

Private businesses have less expertise in hydroelectric power than the U.S. Army Corps of Engineers.
Engineering
1 answer:
mr Goodwill [35]3 years ago
3 0

Answer:

The government would have less power to control the cost of electricity from privately funded projects.

Explanation:

According to the given excerpt, the government, the government decided to take over most of the hydroelectric power projects as opposed to privately owned corporations which previously held a monopoly. The major reason was to provide low-cost energy to consumers.

This decision taken by the government to use the Army Corps of Engineers to undertake hydroelectric power projects instead of allowing private businesses to undertake them was to allow the government have more power to control the cost of electricity.

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Steam flows steadily through an adiabatic turbine. The inlet conditions of the steam are 10 MPa, 450°C, and 80 m/s, and the exit
8090 [49]

Answer:

a) The change in Kinetic energy, KE = -1.95 kJ

b) Power output, W = 10221.72 kW

c) Turbine inlet area, A_1 = 0.0044 m^2

Explanation:

a) Change in Kinetic Energy

For an adiabatic steady state flow of steam:

KE = \frac{V_2^2 - V_1^2}{2} \\.........(1)

Where Inlet velocity,  V₁ = 80 m/s

Outlet velocity, V₂ = 50 m/s

Substitute these values into equation (1)

KE = \frac{50^2 - 80^2}{2} \\

KE = -1950 m²/s²

To convert this to kJ/kg, divide by 1000

KE = -1950/1000

KE = -1.95 kJ/kg

b) The power output, w

The equation below is used to represent a  steady state flow.

q - w = h_2 - h_1 + KE + g(z_2 - z_1)

For an adiabatic process, the rate of heat transfer, q = 0

z₂ = z₁

The equation thus reduces to :

w = h₁ - h₂ - KE...........(2)

Where Power output, W = \dot{m}w..........(3)

Mass flow rate, \dot{m} = 12 kg/s

To get the specific enthalpy at the inlet, h₁

At P₁ = 10 MPa, T₁ = 450°C,

h₁ = 3242.4 kJ/kg,

Specific volume, v₁ = 0.029782 m³/kg

At P₂ = 10 kPa, h_f = 191.81 kJ/kg, h_{fg} = 2392.1 kJ/kg, x₂ = 0.92

specific enthalpy at the outlet, h₂ = h_1 + x_2 h_{fg}

h₂ = 3242.4 + 0.92(2392.1)

h₂ = 2392.54 kJ/kg

Substitute these values into equation (2)

w = 3242.4 - 2392.54 - (-1.95)

w = 851.81 kJ/kg

To get the power output, put the value of w into equation (3)

W = 12 * 851.81

W = 10221.72 kW

c) The turbine inlet area

A_1V_1 = \dot{m}v_1\\\\A_1 * 80 = 12 * 0.029782\\\\80A_1 = 0.357\\\\A_1 = 0.357/80\\\\A_1 = 0.0044 m^2

3 0
3 years ago
An air compressor of mass 120 kg is mounted on an elastic foundation. It has been observed that, when a harmonic force of amplit
kupik [55]

Answer:

equivalent stiffness is 136906.78 N/m

damping constant is 718.96 N.s/m

Explanation:

given data

mass = 120 kg

amplitude = 120 N

frequency = 320 r/min

displacement = 5 mm

to find out

equivalent stiffness and damping

solution

we will apply here frequency formula that is

frequency ω = ω(n) √(1-∈ ²)      ......................1

here  ω(n) is natural frequency i.e = √(k/m)

so from equation 1

320×2π/60 = √(k/120) × √(1-2∈²)

k × ( 1 - 2∈²) = 33.51² ×120

k × ( 1 - 2∈²) = 134752.99    .....................2

and here amplitude ( max ) of displacement is express as

displacement = force / k  ×  (  \frac{1}{2\varepsilon \sqrt{1-\varepsilon ^2}})

put here value

0.005 = 120/k   ×  (  \frac{1}{2\varepsilon \sqrt{1-\varepsilon ^2}})  

k ×∈ × √(1-2∈²) = 1200       ......................3

so by equation 3 and 2

\frac{k\varepsilon \sqrt{1-\varepsilon^2})}{k(1-2\varepsilon^2)} = \frac{12000}{134752.99}

\varepsilon^{2} - \varepsilon^{4}  = 7.929 * 10^{-3} - 0.01585 * \varepsilon^{2}

solve it and we get

∈ = 1.00396

and

∈ = 0.08869

here small value we will consider so

by equation 2 we get

k × ( 1 - 2(0.08869)²) = 134752.99

k  = 136906.78 N/m

so equivalent stiffness is 136906.78 N/m

and

damping is express as

damping = 2∈ √(mk)

put here all value

damping = 2(0.08869) √(120×136906.78)

so damping constant is 718.96 N.s/m

7 0
3 years ago
How are project deliverables determined?
Greeley [361]

Answer:

The essence including its problem is listed throughout the clarification section following.

Explanation:

Projects build deliverable that seem to be the products of the venture or indeed the implementation of the project. This ensures that perhaps the agile methodology may be as broad as either the goal of the study itself as well as the coverage that would be part of a much larger venture.

For every other production to have been marked as "deliverable" within the same project, this should satisfy a few eligibility requirements:

  • It should be within the development of the work.
  • The interested parties-external or internal-must consent to the above. This is perhaps the product of hard effort.

So that the above seems to be the right answer.

7 0
3 years ago
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Tesla Is the best ELECTRIC car brand, Change my mind
pochemuha

Answer:You are correct, no need to change.

Explanation:

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Rosita is planning an investigation to determine how a lifeboat's shape affects its
KiRa [710]
Yes! Is right, just did the work!
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