Answer:
The correct order of increasing reactivity toward nucleophilic acyl substitution is E < D < C < A < F < B.
Explanation:
The stability of the leaving group best determines the manner of reactivity of carboxylates to nucleophilic substitution after the substitution of the nucleophile to the leaving group. The leaving group should, therefore, be protonated with hydrogen ion in the solution to form a stable molecule. From the given list: The leaving group for A, Ethyl thioacetate will be ethanethiol. For B, Acetyl chloride will be Hydrochloric acid. For C, Sodium acetate will be Sodium Hydroxide. For D, Ethyl acetate will be Ethanol. For E, Acetamide will be Ammonia, and for F, Acetic anhydride will be Ethanoic acid. The reactivity of the substitution reaction is dependent on the stability of these leaving groups. The stability of these leaving groups depends on their pKa, and the more the pKa, the lesser the acidity of the leaving group, and the lower the reactivity. Therefore, considering their pKa: A is 8.5, B is -7, C is 13.8, D is 15.9, E is 36, and F is 4.8. When we rearrange this pKa in descending order, we have E, D. C, A, F, B. Which is also the increased reactivity of the nucleophilic acyl substitution.
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POH = - log [ OH⁻ ]
pOH = - log [ 1 x 10⁻⁹ ]
pOH = 9
Answer C
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Silver chloride produced : = 46.149 g
Limiting reagent : CuCl2
Excess remains := 3.74 g
<h3>Further explanation</h3>
Reaction
silver nitrate + copper(II) chloride ⇒ silver chloride + copper(II) nitrate
Required
silver chloride produced
limiting reagent
excess remains
Solution
Balanced equation
2AgNO3 (aq) + CuCl2 (s) → 2AgCl(s) + Cu(NO3)2(aq)
mol AgNO3 :
= 58.5 : 169,87 g/mol
= 0.344
mol CuCl2 :
=21.7 : 134,45 g/mol
= 0.161
mol ratio : coefficient of AgNO3 : CuCl2 :
= 0.344/2 : 0.161/1
= 0.172 : 0.161
CuCl2 as a limiting reagent
mol AgCl :
= 2/1 x 0.161
= 0.322
Mass AgCl :
= 0.322 x 143,32 g/mol
= 46.149 g
mol remains(unreacted) for AgNO3 :
= 0.344-(2/1 x 0.161)
= 0.022
mass AgNO3 remains :
= 0.022 x 169,87 g/mol
= 3.74 g
