<span>Fungal diseases are difficult to treat mainly because they are eukaryotic organisms just like us humans, and therefore have less differences for drugs to target without harming the human body as well. Most antibiotics target e.g. the peptidoglycan layer in the bacterial (a prokaryote) cell wall, which is a safe target since eukaryotic cells do not have equivalent structures. Similarly many differences in metabolic pathways between humans and prokaryotes is often targeted by antibiotics, but metabolism of fungi and humans is much more uniform, and hence it is difficult to exclusively target the fungi only.
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Can you show me the passage?
Answer:
1. The product has a higher Rf value on a silica gel TLC plate because it is more polar than the starting methyl benzoate.
2. False
3. True
Explanation:
In chromatography, there is a stationary phase and a mobile phase. The ratio of the distance moved by a component and the distance moved by the solvent gives the retention factor (Rf).
Since silica gel is a polar solvent, it will retain the more polar product methyl m-nitrobenzoate compared to the methyl benzoate starting material.
In comparing the electrophillic aromatic substitution of m-nitrobenzoate and methyl benzoate, we must remember that the presence of electron withdrawing groups (such as -NO2 and -CHO) on the aromatic compound deactivates the compound towards electrophillic aromatic substitution hence, methyl m-nitrobenzoate is less reactive than methyl benzoate in Electrophilic Aromatic Substition and Methyl benzoate is less reactive than benzene in Electrophilic Aromatic Substition
