If the solution is treated as an ideal solution, the extent of freezing
point depression depends only on the solute concentration that can be
estimated by a simple linear relationship with the cryoscopic constant:
ΔTF = KF · m · i
ΔTF, the freezing point depression, is defined as TF (pure solvent) - TF
(solution).
KF, the cryoscopic constant, which is dependent on the properties of the
solvent, not the solute. Note: When conducting experiments, a higher KF
value makes it easier to observe larger drops in the freezing point.
For water, KF = 1.853 K·kg/mol.[1]
m is the molality (mol solute per kg of solvent)
i is the van 't Hoff factor (number of solute particles per mol, e.g. i =
2 for NaCl).
The complete ionization of KBr into its constituents
is:<span>
<span>KBr (s) --->
K+ (aq) + Br- (aq)</span></span>
<span>
During electrolysis, oxidation takes place at the anode electrode. This means
that an ion is stripped off its electron hence becoming more positive:
<span>2 Br- (aq) --->
Br2 (g) + 2e- </span></span>
We can see that Bromine gas Br2 is evolved at the anode.
<span>
<span>Meanwhile at the cathode, the reduction reaction occurs.
Which means that the electron from the anode electrode is used to make an ion
more negative:
<span>2K+ (aq) + 2e- ---> 2K (s) </span></span>
Hence, through reduction, solid potassium is deposited on the
plate.</span>
Half reactions:
<span>Anode: 2 Br- (aq) --->
Br2 (g) + 2e- </span>
<span>Cathode: 2K+ (aq) + 2e-
---> 2K (s) </span>
Answer:
Heat can travel from one place to another in three ways: Conduction, Convection and Radiation. Both conduction and convection require matter to transfer heat. If there is a temperature difference between two systems heat will always find a way to transfer from the higher to lower system.
Explanation:
Hope this helps
λ=v/f
λ-wavelength
v-speed
f-frequency
we have the wavelength(6.2 x 10^-6meters) and we use the speed of light which is equal to 3*10^8m/s
6.2*10^-6m=3*10^8m/s/f
f=(3*10^8m/s)/(6.2*10^-6)≈0.48*10^14Hz
B) The transfer of energy from the hydrosphere to the atmosphere
This is because oceans are part of the hydrosphere. As the air warms it flows up into the atmosphere.
Hope this helps!
