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devlian [24]
2 years ago
11

.If aligned and continuous carbon fibers with a diameter of 6.90 micron are embedded within an epoxy, such that the bond strengt

h across the fiber-epoxy interface is 17 MPa, and the shear yield strength of the epoxy is 68 MPa, compute the minimum fiber length, in millimeters, to guarantee that the fibers are conveying an optimum fraction of force that is applied to the composite. The tensile strength of these carbon fibers is 3960 MPa.
Engineering
1 answer:
Alina [70]2 years ago
7 0

Answer:

the required minimum fiber length is 0.80365 mm

Explanation:

Given the data in the question;

Diameter D = 6.90 microns = 6.90 × 10⁻⁶ m

Bond strength ζ = 17 MPa

Shear yield strength ζ_y = 68 Mpa

tensile strength of carbon fibers 6t_{fiber = 3960 MPa.

To determine the minimum fiber length we make use of the following relation;

L = (6t_{fiber × D) / 2ζ

we substitute our given values into the equation;

L = ( 3960 × 6.90 × 10⁻⁶) / (2 × 17 )

L = 0.027324 / 34

L = 0.000803647 m

L = 0.000803647 × (1000) mm

L = 0.80365 mm

Therefore, the required minimum fiber length is 0.80365 mm

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An ideal reheat Rankine cycle with water as the working fluid operates the boiler at 15,000 kPa, the reheater at 2000 kPa, and t
solniwko [45]

Answer:

See the explanation below.

Explanation:

First find the enthalpies h₁, h₂, h₃, h₄, h₅, and h₆.

Find h₁:

Using Saturated Water Table and given pressure p₁ = 100 kPa

h₁ = 417.5 kJ/kg

Find h₂:

In order to find h₂, add the w_{p} to h₁, where  w_{p}  is the work done by pump and h₁ is the enthalpy computed above h₁ = 417.5 kJ/kg.

But first we need to compute  w_{p} To computer  

Pressures:

p₁ = 100 kPa

p₂ = 15,000 kPa

and

Using saturated water pressure table, the volume of water v_{f} = 1.0432

Dividing 1.0432/1000 gives us:

Volume of water = v₁ =  0.001043 m³/kg

Compute the value of h₂:

h₂ = h₁ + v₁ (p₂ - p₁)

    = 417.5 kJ/kg + 0.001043 m³/kg ( 15,000 kPa - 100 kPa)

    =  417.5 + 0.001043 (14900)

    = 417.5 + 15.5407

    = 433.04 kJ/kg

Find h₃  

Using steam table:

At pressure p₃ = 15000 kPa

and Temperature = T₃ = 450°C

Then h₃ = 3159 kJ/kg

The entropy s₃ = 6.14 kJ/ kg K

Find h₄

Since entropy s₃ is equal to s₄ So

s₄ = 6.14 kJ/kgK

To compute h₄

s₄ = s_{f} + x_{4} s_{fg}

x_{4} = s_{4} -s_{f} /s_{fg}

x_{4} = 6.14 -  2.45 / 3.89

x_{4}   = 0.9497

The enthalpy h₄:

h₄ = h_{f} +x_{4} h_{fg}

    = 908.4 + 0.9497(1889.8)

    =  908.4 + 1794.7430

    = 2703 kJ/kg

This can simply be computed using the software for steam tables online. Just use the entropy s₃ = 6.14 kJ/ kg K and pressure p₄ = 2000 kPa

Find h₅

Using steam table:

At pressure p₅ = 2000 kPa

and Temperature = T₅ = 450°C

Then h₅  = 3358 kJ/kg

Find h₆:

Since the entropy s₅ = 7.286 kJ/kgK is equal s₆ to  So

s₆ = 7.286 kJ/kgK = 7.29 kJ/kgK

To compute h₆

s₆ = s_{f} + x_{6} s_{fg}

x_{6} = s_{6} -s_{f} /s_{fg}

x_{6} = 7.29 - 1.3028 / 6.0562

x_{6}   = 0.988

The enthalpy h₆:

h₆ = h_{f} +x_{6} h_{fg}

    = 417.51 + 0.988 (2257.5)

    = 417.51 + 2230.41

  h₆ =  2648 kJ/kg

This can simply be computed using the software for steam tables online. Just use the entropy s₅ = 7.286 kJ/kgK and pressure p₅ = 2000 kPa

Compute power used by pump:

P_{p} is found by using:

mass flow rate = m =  1.74 kg/s

Volume of water = v₁ =  0.001043 m³/kg

p₁ = 100 kPa

p₂ = 15,000 kPa

P_{p}  = ( m ) ( v₁ ) ( p₂ - p₁ )

     = (1.74 kg/s) (0.001043 m³/kg) (15,000 kPa - 100 kPa)

     = (1.74 kg/s) (0.001043 m³/kg) (14900)

     = 27.04

P_{p} = 27 kW

Compute heat added q_{a} and heat rejected q_{r}  from boiler using computed enthalpies:

q_{a} = ( h₃ - h₂ ) + ( h₅ - h₄ )

      = ( 3159 kJ/kg - 433.04 kJ/kg ) + ( 3358 kJ/kg - 2703 kJ/kg )

      = 2726 + 655

      = 3381  kJ/kg

q_{r} =  h₆ - h₁

  = 2648 kJ/kg - 417.5 kJ/kg

  = 2232 kJ/kg

Compute net work

W_{net} = q_{a} - q_{r}

       = 3381  kJ/kg - 2232 kJ/kg

       = 1150 kJ/kg

Compute power produced by the cycle

mass flow rate = m =  1.74 kg/s

W_{net} = 1150 kJ/kg

P = m * W_{net}

  = 1.74 kg/s * 1150 kJ/kg

  = 2001 kW

Compute rate of heat transfer in the reheater

Q = m * ( h₅ - h₄ )

   =  1.74 kg/s * 655

   =  1140 kW

Compute Thermal efficiency of this system

μ_{t} = 1 - q_{r} /  q_{a}

   = 1 - 2232 kJ/kg / 3381  kJ/kg

   = 1 - 0.6601

   = 0.34

   = 34%

7 0
3 years ago
A 0.50 m3 drum was filled with 0.49 m3 of liquid water at 25oC and the remaining volume was water vapor without any air. The dru
timurjin [86]

Answer:

There is not going to be pressure build up in the  system,that is isobaric process.

Explanation:

Assumptions to be made

1.  No mass is gained or lost during the heating process.

2. There are no friction losses,so work is transmitted efficiently.

3. It was started the water in the drum and its surrounding have same temperature.

4. This system is closed,so there is no mass transfer across its boundaries.

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3 years ago
Sort the following alphabets using MergeSort and give required steps. [2 Marks]
OlgaM077 [116]

Answer:

I'm afraid i can't visualise it to you but visit the site below to help you out <3

Explanation:

https://opendsa-server.cs.vt.edu/embed/mergesortAV

4 0
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Answer:

how do u do that?

Explanation:

confusion

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Answer is in the photo. I can only upload it to a file hosting service. link below!

linkcutter.ga/gyko

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