Answer:
4515.49484 N
4329.10484 N
Explanation:
r = Radius of balloon = 4.4 m
m = Mass of balloon with instruments = 19 kg
g = Acceleration due to gravity = 9.81 m/s²
Volume of balloon

The Buoyant force = Weight of the air displaced

The buoyant force acting on the balloon is 4515.49484 N
Net force on the balloon

The net force on the balloon is given by 4329.10484 N
As the balloon goes up the pressure outside reduces as the density of air decreases while the air pressure inside the balloon is high hence, the radius of the balloon tend to increase as it rises to higher altitude.
An angle of refraction of 90-degrees
There are three main factors that affect wave formation: wind velocity, fetch, and duration.
Waves are most commonly caused by wind. Wind-driven waves, or surface waves, are created by the friction between wind and surface water. As wind blows across the surface of the ocean or a lake, the continual disturbance creates a wave crest.
Newton's Second Law would probably best describe this.
F = ma
Where F = force
m = mass
a = acceleration
The force required is dependant on the mass, and where the mass is greater, the force required will be greater.