Answer:
Approximately 39.7 kJ.
Assumptions: the specific heat capacity of water is
, the melting point of water is
, and that the boiling point of water is
.
Explanation:
It takes five steps to convert 13.0 grams of
ice to steam at
.
- Step one: heat the 13.0 gram of ice from
to
. The change in temperature would be
. - Step two: supply the heat of fusion to convert that 13.0 gram of ice to water.
- Step three: heat the 13.0 gram of water from
to
. The change in temperature would be
. - Step four: supply the heat of vaporization to convert that 13.0 gram of water to steam.
- Step five: heat the 13.0 gram of steam from
to
. The change in temperature would be
.
<h3>Energy required for step one, three, and five</h3>
The following equation gives the amount of energy
required to raise the temperature of an object by a
:
.
In this equation,
is the specific heat of this substance,
is the mass of the substance, and
is the change in the temperature of the object.
Assume that there's no mass loss in this whole process. The value of
would stay the same at
.
.
<h3>Energy required for step two and four</h3>
The equations for the energy of fusion and energy of vaporization are quite similar:
.
.
where
is the number of moles of the substance.
Look up the relative atomic mass of oxygen and hydrogen from a modern periodic table:
Hence the molar mass of water:
.
Number of moles of
molecules in
:
.

<h3>Energy required for all five steps, combined</h3>
.
I think it is A. The reaction rates can change.
I think we all know that B. and C. are incorrect, but I took a science lesson about this and it specifically said that on a graph of a rate, a curved line is NOT constant, meaning it is possible to not be constant.
An atomic number is <span>the number of protons in the nucleus of an atom, which determines the chemical properties of an element and its place in the periodic table or chart.</span>
<span>First
of all, food is the most important thing. If there is no food, or if
there isn't enough, than the crocodile population cant expand.
Second,humans are endangering many habitats (including the alligator
species). By pollution, logging, and other stuff. We
are destroying ecosystems and animal habitats very quickly.
Finally, crocodiles are ectothermic reptiles. They rely on the sun to
heat their bodies. If a crocodile was in an area where the sun is a limited resource, then of
course that could be a limiting factor for a crocodile. </span>