Jill is the input, as she creates the force. The wrench is the output because it gives the force to the finish peace of the chain.
There are three main factors that affect wave formation: wind velocity, fetch, and duration.
Waves are most commonly caused by wind. Wind-driven waves, or surface waves, are created by the friction between wind and surface water. As wind blows across the surface of the ocean or a lake, the continual disturbance creates a wave crest.