Direct electron transfer from a a singlet reduced species to a triplet oxidizing species is quantum-mechanically forbidden.
<h3><u>Transfer from singlet to triplet:</u></h3>
- Either an excited singlet state or an excited triplet state will occur when an electron in a molecule with a singlet ground state is stimulated (through radiation absorption) to a higher energy level.
- All electron spins in a molecule electronic state known as a singlet are coupled.
- In other words, the ground state electron and the stimulated electron's spin are still coupled (a pair of electrons in the same energy level must have opposite spins, per the Pauli exclusion principle).
- The excited electron and ground state electron are parallel in a triplet state because they are no longer coupled (same spin).
- It is less likely that a triplet state would arise when the molecule absorbs radiation since excitation to a triplet state necessitates an additional "forbidden" spin transfer.
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A B and C are all chemical changes. paper tearing is not.
You are correct, the atomic number is always equal to the number of protons in the element. It is the relative atomic mass that is equal to the number of protons+neutrons. Electrons have no mass
The element symbol for oxygen<span> is O and its atomic number is 8. The mass numbers for oxygen must be 8 + 8 = 16; 8 + 9 = 17; 8 + 10 = 18</span>
