The electric flux through the hole is
.
- Electric flux is the number of electric field lines cutting through the surface and is measured as surface intregal of electric field over that surface
- Mathematically it is given by
where E is the electric field and A is the area. - Gauss's law states that electric flux through closed surface is equal to the 1 / ε₀ times the charge enclosed by that surface which is given by Ф = q / ε₀ where q is the central charge and ε₀ is the permittivity of the medium.
It is given , hollow sphere of radius 10.0cm surrounds a 10.0-μC charge.
The whole surface of hollow sphere 

Area of the hole ( both side ) 

According to Gauss's theorem, the flow from a particular charge in the center is given by

This flux flows through the surface of the sphere, so the flux per unit area which is given by

Flux through area of hole is given by :

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Yes it would get colder because people help people learn through experiences with no one to help teach the world would be a cold lifeless place.
A reversible change is a change that can be undone or reversed
The horizontal and vertical components of a projectile's velocity are independent of each other.
Answer: Option C
<u>Explanation:</u>
The path of a projectile is determined by two components of motion. They are termed as horizontal and the vertical components. Since both components velocity are perpendicular to each other, so it can stated that they are independent of each other.
Even it can seen that when the horizontal components of velocity is constant, then there will be change in the vertical components of velocity leading to free fall projectile path.
And in the absence of gravity, there will be change in the horizontal components of velocity with zero vertical component of velocity. Thus, the horizontal and the vertical components of a projectile’s velocity are seemed to be independent of each other.